Ocean Ecosystems Flashcards
What is a producer?
A organism which can make their own energy from carbon dioxide using sunlight for energy through a process called photosynthesis ( plants).
What is a primary consumer?
Organisms which eat producers ( herbivores)
What is a secondary consumer?
An organism which eats primary consumers ( omnivores)
What is a tertiary consumer?
An organism which eats secondary consumers ( carnivores)
What is energy used for?
Movement Growth Respiration Excretion Nutrition Digestion
What are 4 challenges that organisms face in the sea?
1) lack of food or water
2) plastic pollution
3) high pressure
4) defend themselves from their predators.
What is the light like in the sunlight zone?
Quite bright
How deep is the sunlight zone?
200m
What is the temperature like in the sunlight layer?
Warmest layer
What creature live in the sunlight zone?
Plankton, jelly fish, sharks, turtles
What is the pressure like in the sunlight zone?
Low pressure
Extra fact on the sunlight layer
Photosynthesis happens here which in turn produces 50% of the oxygen
What’s the light like in the twilight zone?
Some sunlight
What is the depth of the twilight zone?
1000m
What is the temperature like in the twilight zone?
Chilly
What creature live in the twilight zone?
Lantern fish, barbled dragon fish
What is the pressure like in the twilight zone?
Pressure is ok but starting to get higher
Extra fact about the twilight zone.
Some species use bioluminescence to communicate.
What is the light like in the midnight zone?
No sunlight
How deep is the midnight zone?
4000m
How cold is the midnight zone?
Quite cold 4 degrees on average
What creatures live in the midnight zone?
Gulper eels, dumbo octopus
What is the pressure like in the midnight zone?
Quite high pressure
Extra fact on the midnight layer
Bioluminescent animals make their own light
What is the light like in the abyssal zone?
No sunlight
How deep is the abyssal zone?
6000m
How cold is the abyssal layer?
Near freezing temperatures
What creatures live in the abyssal layer?
Fangtooth, sea corals
What is the pressure like in he abyssal zone?
Super high pressure
Extra fact on the abyssal layer…
Very scarce of food
What is the light like in the hadal zone?
Completely dark
How deep is the hadal zone?
11000m
What is the temperature like in the hadal zone?
Extremely cold
What creatures live in the hadal zone?
Tube worms, sea cucumber, snail fish
What is the pressure like in the hadal zone?
The pressure is so intense it is like 48 aeroplanes on top of you
Extra fact on the hadal zone
Mount Everest would be completely submerged if placed here
How much energy does a producer receive?
Answer as a percentage
100%
How much energy does a primary consumer receive?
Answer as a percentage
10%
How much energy does a secondary consumer receive?
Answer as a percentage
1%
How much energy does a tertiary consumer receive?
Answer as a percentage
0.1%
How much energy does an apex predator receive?
Answer as a percentage
0.01%
What is the role of sunlight in the food web?
Producer
What role does plankton have in the food web?
Producer
What role does krill have in the food web?
Primary consumer
What role does mackerel have in the food web?
Secondary consumer
What role does tuna have in the food web?
Tertiary consumer
What role does a large shark have in the food web?
Apex predator
What do the arrows show in a food chain?
They show the transfer of energy between the organisms
Name one adaptation that the blobfish has…
Lots of fluid between its skin and muscle
…this means that it is buoyant
Is coral and animal, plant or rock?
An animal
Name 2 social benefits of coral.
1) coral skeletons are being used as bone skeletons in reconstructive bone surgery.
2) coral reefs have been used in cancer and Alzheimer’s treatments.
Name 2 environmental benefits of coral.
1) coral reefs cover less than 1% of the earths surface however are home to 25% of the worlds marine population.
2) corals move and recycle carbon dioxide. Excessive amounts of this gas contribute to global warming.
Name 2 economic benefits of coral.
1) it is estimated that coral reefs provide $375 billion per year around the world in goods and services. Eg reefs provide resources for fisheries.
2) the tourist industry relies heavily on the coral reefs, without them many people would not have a job.
What does presssure mean?
continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.
What is a trade route?
a long-distance route along which commercial goods are transported
Name 2 examples of ambush predators.
Starfish
Spiders
What is an ecosystem?
community or group of living organisms that live in and interact with each other in a specific environment.
