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Science > Ocean Currents > Flashcards

Ocean Currents Flashcards

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0
Q

What are ocean currents at or near the surface called?

A

Surface currents

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1
Q

What are streamlike movements of water?

A

Ocean currents

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2
Q

What causes surface currents?

A

Wind

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3
Q

What is one of the strongest surface currents on Earth?

A

Gulf Stream

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4
Q

Surface currents are affected by what 3 factors?

A
  1. Continental deflections
  2. Coriolis effect
  3. Global winds
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5
Q

What are continental deflections?

A

When ocean currents are deflected and change direction

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6
Q

What is the coriolis effect?

A

The deflection of moving objects from a straight path due to Earth’s rotation

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7
Q

Pressure differences in the atmosphere causes what?

A

Wind

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8
Q

How does the sun’s energy power surface currents?

A
  1. The sun heats the atmosphere.
  2. Sun causes wind to form.
  3. The winds cause surface currents.
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9
Q

What are movements of water far below the surface?

A

Deep currents

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10
Q

What are deep currents caused by?

A

Differences in water density

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11
Q

What is the amount of matter in a given space or volume?

A

Density

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12
Q

What is density of ocean water affected by?

A

Salinity

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13
Q

What is the measure of the amount of dissolved salts or solids in a liquid?

A

Salinity

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14
Q

What is the movement of water that results from density differences?

A

Convection current

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15
Q

How are convection currents important to Earth?

A

They transfer energy between different regions

16
Q

What is it called when warm surface water is replaced by nutrient rich water from the deep ocean?

A

Upwelling

17
Q

What do ocean currents transport?

A

Energy and matter

18
Q

What are 3 examples of matter besides water that are transported by ocean currents?

A

Nitrogen, sodium chloride (table salt), oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, phosphorous

19
Q

The cold water from deep in the ocean contains what?

A

Nutrients

20
Q

Deep currents form where the —— of ocean water increases.

A

Density

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