OCD Flashcards
OCD definition
persistent obsessions or compulsions or both. unwanted, repetitive thoughts, images, urges .
Obsession is usually anxiety. compulsions are behaviours driven to respond to obsession
Rapoport 1989 Charles
14 yrs, 5 hours getting ready. something sticky on his skin. he developed tolerance to his antidepressant after a year of use.
MOCI OCD
30 true or false items. checking, washing, slowness, doubting
Y-BOCS OCD
semi-structured interview-30 mins
involves checklist of OCD with 10 item severity scale
between 0-40. 16 is the clinical range.
Biochemical explanation OCD
- high levels of dopamine
-lower serotonin - oxytocin increases distrust and fear, but contrasting evidence
Genetic explanation OCD
MZ twins>DZ twins have heritability estimate of 48%.
Mutation of serotonin gene could be a cause.
Thinking error explanation (Cognitive)
-Faulty reasonhing “the beleif that hands are covered in germs that could kill”
-Compulsive behaviours are attempts to alleviate the unwanted thoughts the anxiety creates.
Operant conditioning explanation (Behavioral) OCD
handwashing is the negative reinforcer because it has relieved something unpleasant.
it is also the positive because they are rewarded knowing that they have clean hands.
Psychodymanic explanation OCD
Unconscious beleifs and desires . Conflict arises in the anal stage of development, when children begin toilet training.
parents may control-child may rebel-parent may be harsh
compulsive cleaning to deal with childhood trauma
Biological treatment OCD
SSRI’s. they lessen the anxiety. higher dose than depression.
Exposure and response prevention therapy
form of CBT. they are exposed to their obsession and taught to tolerate and habituate to it. to prevent the compulsive behaviour. this teaches people that the feeling will go away without the compulsive behaviour.
Lovell 2006 aim and design
to investigate the effectiveness of CBT over phone vs face to face.
60 min. ten sessions weekly. 72 OCD between 16-65. randomly assigned. 2 therapists carried out treatments and consistency was maintained.
before treatment 2 times YBOCS AND BDI . immediately, one, three, six months after aswell.
+ a questionnaire.
researchers didn’t know which condition they were in.
Lovell results
Concluded that it is the same. clinically relevant if YBOCs dropped by 2 standard deviations. which was true for 72% of the participants.
Lovell evaluation
independent measures, random allocation, duration same, application to irl, self reports used
