Anxiety

Question 1

Anxiety and fear definition

Answer 1

Anxiety: perceived anticipated threat in the future

Fear: perceived imminent threat in the present

Question 2

Generalised anxiety disorder

Answer 2

marked symptoms on majority of days, over a long period. worry may be focused on health, family, friends or work. for diagnosis, symptoms must not be due to meds.

Question 3

Agoraphobia

Answer 3

fear or anxiety in response to situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available. People actively avoid public spaces because they may have panic attacks.

Question 4

Specific phobia

Answer 4

severe fear or anxiety when exposed to or in anticipation of a specific stimulus.

Question 5

Blood injection phobia inventory BIPI

Answer 5

18 situations self report involoving blood and injections. rated between 0-3.

Question 5

GAD 7

Answer 5

7 item questionnaire. between 0-3
0= none, 1=several days, 2= more than half days, 3= nearly everyday. used for referral rather than diagnosis.

Question 6

Mas et al for BIPI

Question 7

Genetic explantion

Answer 7

We are born prepared to fear certain objects. there are particular stimuli in the environment that may pose a threat to survival that we are genetically set up to avoid.

Question 8

Ost 1992 for blood phobia

Question 9

Classical and operant conditioning explanantion

Answer 9

• an individual may develop a phobia of a harmless situation if it is paired with a frightening experience.

-phobias maintain due to operant conditioning. avoidance of a phobic stimulus reduces the fear, so it is rewarding. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT is the increased likelihood of repeating the behaviour due to the removal of something negative or unpleasant

Question 10

Psychodynamic explanation

Question 11

Freud study on fear of horse

Answer 11

Little Hans

Question 12

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 12

it holds the assumption that nearly all behaviour is a conditioned response to stimuli in the environment.
- therapist teaches patients relaxation techniques
-an anxiety hierchy is created . using visualisation (in vitro) and exposure (in vivo)
- not moved to next stage until no anxiety
-the fearful stimuli is gradually unlearned

Question 13

Chappmann and delap context aim and design

Question 14

Chappman and Delapp results and conclusion

Question 15

Chappmann and Delapp evaluation