Occupational Therapy - The Profession Flashcards
Activity in which one engages
Occupation
Treatment of a physical or mental illness
Therapy
End toward which effort is directed
Goal
State of doing things that requires movement of energy (being active)
Activity
State of being self-reliant, not requiring or relying on something else or others
Independence
Therapy based on engagement in meaningful activities of daily life, especially to enable or encourage participation in such activities despite impairments or limitations in physical or mental functioning
Occupational Therapy
Awakening of social consciousness; concept of moral treatment
Late 1700s and Early 1800s
an awareness that social structures lead to vast inequities
social consciousness
Who authored the Moral Treatment?
Pinel and Tuke
What is the central premise of moral treatment?
participation in the various tasks and events of
everyday life could restore persons to a more
healthy and satisfying functioning
- He introduced work treatment for the insane in the late 1700s
- farming as an important institutional life
- activities to divert the patients’ minds away from their emotional disturbances
- “Each patient must be critically observed and analyzed, then treatment should commence.”
Philippe Pinel
Established the York Retreat
William Tuke
What is the environment at the York Retreat?
Patients were approached with kindness and consideration
- First physician to institute moral treatment practices
- Father of American Psychiatry
Benjamin Rush
Who are the authors of the Arts and Crafts Movement?
John Ruskin and William Morris
- Using one’s hands to make items connected people to their work, physically and mentally, and thus was healthier
- Basic principle: value for authentic experiences, natural processes of construction, and quality of life
Arts and Crafts Movement
Introduced “work cure” and worked with invalid patients, providing medical supervision of crafts for the purpose of improving their health and financial independence
Herbert Hall
Participation on a limited basis from bed and gradually increasing the level of activity until the patient went into the workshop, in which she worked on weaving looms, ceramics and other crafts
work cure
Opened the Consolation House for Convalescent Patients wherein occupation in arts and crafts was used as a method of treatment
George Edward Barton
- Father of Occupational Therapy
- Known for his writings on the value of occupation for treatment
- Published “Occupational Therapy: A Manual for Nurses”
Dr. William Rush Dunton Jr.
- Mother of Occupational Therapy
- Introduced “Habit Training”
- Organized the “Henry B. Favill School of Occupations”
Eleanor Clarke Slagle
- designed to overcome disorganized habits, to modify other habits, and to construct new ones with the goal of restoring and maintaining health
- 24 hours a day
Habit Training
First professional school for OT practitioners
Henry B. Favill School of Occupations
- Wrote the “Studies in Invalid Occupations” which is the first-know book about OT
- Involved in teaching training courses
Susan Tracy
- occupation could be morally uplifting; it could improve the mental and physical state of patients and inmates in public hospitals
- advocate for high educational standards and
training of competent practitioners
Susan Cox Johnson
- establishing a presence for OT in vocational rehabilitation and tuberculosis treatment
- recognized for constructing institutions with physical disabilities
Thomas Kidner
- coined the term “Mental Hygiene” and “Mental Hygiene Movement”
- provided the foundational philosophical statements for the profession
Adolf Meyer
Formal birth of the profession of OT
National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy
When was the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy established?
March 15, 1917 in Clifton Springs, New York
During this year, members voted to change the name of National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy to ________?
1921, AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association)
Its purpose is to rehabilitate soldiers who had been injured in the World War I.
Reconstruction Program (May 1917)
Who are the reconstruction aides during the WW1?
Orthopedic professionals, OT aides, physiotherapy aides, and vocational evaluators
Development and Expansion of vocational rehabilitation programs
Post WW1 through 1930s
Soldier’s Rehabilitation Act; vocational rehabilitation for soldiers disabled on active duty
Smith-Sears Veterans Rehabilitation Act of 1918
Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act; provide vocational rehabilitation services to civilians with physical disabilities
Smith Fess Act
War Emergency Courses were implemented to quickly train the needed occupational therapist
World War II: 1940 - 1947
successful completion of an examination became a requirement for registering as an OT [essay format]
1945 (World War II: 1940 - 1947)
AOTA adopted the format of an objective test
1947 (World War II: 1940 - 1947)
New technologies were developed such as splinting materials, wheelchairs, and more advanced prosthetics and orthotics
Post-World War II: 1950s – 1960s
Provided treatment that was significant for its holistic approach, healing not only the body of the patient but the mind as well
Rehabilitation Movement (1942 - 1960)
Changes in the Profession
- Shifted to a more technical focus, using modalities particular to the area of the profession
- OT education- focused on medical and scientific approach (decreased the emphasis on teaching arts and crafts)
- Trend toward the reductionist model continued throughout the 1960s
- priority service for person with the most severe disabilities
- every client accepted was mandated to participate in the service-learning process by completing individualized written rehabilitation program
- emphasized the need for rehabilitation research
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
> right of all children to a free and appropriate education; regardless of handicapping condition
OT as a related service
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
include children from 3 to 5 years of age and initiates new early intervention programs for children from birth to 3 years of age
Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act
created the activity analysis
Gail Fidler
- “Occupational Behavior”
- OTs are there to help clients increase their quality of life rather than to “fix” their problems
Mary Reilly
- Developed the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
- Provided the profession with evidence to support occupation-based practice and tools to evaluate clients
Dr. Gary Kielhofner
most evidence-based model of practice in OT
Model of Human Occupation
- Created to examine the knowledge base and research related to occupation
- Has generated research that helps scholars and practitioners better understand the uniqueness of occupation to support the profession
Occupational Science
founded the first doctoral program in occupational science
Elizabeth Yerxa
Provided for compensation benefits during the period of disability and the payment of medical assistance, necessary transportation, subsistence on hospital fees of a person in the service of the government who was injured in the performance of his duty
1917: Revised Administration Code
Magna Carta for Persons with Disabilities which provide care and custody of disabled children was passed
1923
act prescribing compensation for employees for personal injuries, death or illness contracted in the performance of duty
1926: Workmen’s Compensation Act
supportive approach to the treatment of patients confined to mental institutions, to maintain patients’ morale and prevent deterioration among patients; Insular Psychopathic Hospital
1937: Push Therapy
The US Army established the Amputation and Training Center at the V. Luna Medical Center whose staff were trained on the techniques of physical rehabilitation of amputees
1945
> Philippine Civil Administration Unit I (PCAU I) General Hospital was created to care for Filipino and American military and civilian casualties of WWII
1945
A French therapist introduced OT in PCAU I
Andre Roche
Founded the Department of OT at the PCAU I General Hospital after receiving training under US military and Red Cross
Conchita M. Abad, Fe Isaac Saño, and Gilceria Andaya
Who headed the Philippine Orthopedic Center (National Orthopedic Hospital)?
Filipino Army Major Francisco Roman with Jose Delos Santos
He recommended a school for rehabilitation professions: School of Allied Medical Professions at the University of the Philippines
Dr. Benjamin Tamesis
A long range program to upgrade hospital service was launched by sending PCAU I medical and allies medical staff abroad for advanced education and training
1947
During 1948, Conchita M. Abad was given a fellowship grant to study OT at …
Philadelphia School of OT at the University of Pennsylvania
In 1949, she graduated with a degree of BSOT at the Milwaukee Downer College, University of Wisconsin after finishing a year of clinical training at the New York Goldwater Memorial Hospital
Charlotte Aspuria
She is the first certified Filipina OT in the United States
Charlotte Aspuria
In 1950, she was granted a certificate in OT and returned to the Philippines to spearhead the reorganization of OT sections in various hospitals and institutions
Conchita M. Abad
umbrella organization of private agencies involved in rehabilitation programs
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled (PFRD)
Resident type of activities were employed as treatment modalities
Philippine Mental Health Association
In 1953, he succeeded Dr. Jose V. de los Santos as NOH chief
Dr. Tamesis
Charlotte Aspuria-Floro returned to the Philippines after working for several years in New York, Hawaii, Texas, and San Francisco
1954
Dr. Tamesis revealed the need for professional training for OTs and PTs
1956
He recommended among other the establishment of OT and PT schools
Dr. Henry Kessler
Who collaborated to produce and OT curriculum in what year?
C.A. Floro and C.M. Abad; 1959-1961
In May 1962, OT and PT curricula were drafted with
Elizabeth Ahlberg and Robert Jacques (WHO PT consultants)
When was SAMP formally established?
November 1962. Headed by Evanina Estrada-Curan and Corazon Tablan-Santos
Who approved the SAMP OT curriculum after the visitation of OT such as Spackman?
WFOT (World Federation of Occupational Therapists) in 1963
When was OTAP (Occupational Therapy Association of the Philippines) founded?
September 1965
When was the first batch of OT graduates produced?
1966
When was the first OTAP symposium held?
March 11, 1966
What is the theme of the first OTAP symposium?
Is it Time to Establish a Comprehensive Work-Oriented Rehabilitation Center in the Philippines?
When was OTAP admitted as a FULL member organization of the WFOT?
1968
In 1969, …
R.A. 5680 (Act of Creating the Board of Examination for PT and OT) was passed
Who are the authors of R.A. 5680?
Rep. Jose M. Aldeguer and Fe Isaac-Saňo
Aims to provide medical assistance and shelter for the disabled
Philippine Council of Homes for the Disabled (now Philippine Council of Cheshire Homes for the Disabled)
When was the first board of exams given?
1973
Who inducted the first board of examination?
Dr. J. Mendoza (chairman), H. Pilog, F.I. Saňo, J. Rabino and C. Abad
When was Tahanang Walang Hagdan founded?
1973
UP Comprehensive Community Health Program in Bay Laguna headed by Prof. Teresita Mendoza
1976; Community Based OT
When was Dangerous Drug Act and Dangerous Drug Board passed?
1970
first OT supervisor in NCMH; Director of OT
Naty Ibay-Yasay
The UP Comprehensive Community Health
Program was established in Bay, Laguna
1974
In 1977, …
SAMP became an independent unit approved by BOR; Dr. Guillermo Damian as the first dean
In June 1978,
National Commission Concerning Disabled
Persons (NCCDP) was established by virtue of
Presidential Decree 1509
What happened during 1981?
- WHO declared as the international year for disabled persons
- 1981-1991 was declared as the Decade of Disabled Persons
When was BP344 or Accessibility Law passed?
December 27, 1982
In 1985, …
> The College of Perpetual Help, Biňan started its first year of operation with 7 students
When did Emilio Aguinaldo College Manila open its BSOT section?
1991
Two schools in Cebu that started accepting BSOT students
Cebu Doctors and Cebu Velez
In 1992,
Magna Carta for Disabled Person (RA 7277) was passed
During 1996, …
BSOT was offered in UST
First OT Thomasian graduates
2001
2010 UST
OTAP and WFOT accreditation
> Represents the Association’s commitment to furthering the interests of the profession, its members, and society in general
August 19, 2015 Midyear Assembly
Philippine Academy of Occupational Therapists, Inc. (PAOT)
Philippine OT Law of 2018
R.A. No. 11241
4 areas to germane in the understanding of OT
Philosophical assumptions, Ethics, Art, and Science
