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Red Seal Carpentry > Occupational Skills > Flashcards

Occupational Skills Flashcards

1
Q

The purpose of a test pit or test hole is to?

A

Determine the soil conditions

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2
Q

The ground water table is the?

A

Average height below which the ground is saturated

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3
Q

Offset lines, in site layout, are used to?

A

Re-establish original building lines

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4
Q

Batter boards are used to?

A

Hold the building lines

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5
Q

An enlargement of a foundation wall to form a half column is called a?

A

A pilaster

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6
Q

The timber or steel beam used to carry the load while underpinning is called a?

A

A Needle

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7
Q

Where is a properly placed drain tile located?

A

Around the outside lower edge of the footing

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8
Q

What is the cross sectional area of a15M reinforcing bar

A

177mm2

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9
Q

A special type of enlarged view showing construction features more clearly is called a?

A

Detail drawing

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10
Q

Continuous lines extending to points off the same elevation across the surface of a plot of ground are called?

A

Contour lines

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11
Q

The measurements showing the location of the doors and windows are found on the?

A

Floor plan

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12
Q

On foundation plans, the footing is generally shown by?

A

Dashed lines

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13
Q

The order in which dimensional material should be given is

A

Thickness, width, length
Ex (2x4x10)
Ten foot 2x4

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14
Q

The minimum height of guard rails above platform level is

A

1067mm
42”

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a keyway in a footing

A

Eliminate shearing between the footing and wall

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16
Q

Stepped foundation footing walls are used for?

A

To help facilitate wall construction

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17
Q

A lally column is made up of?

A

Steel pipe and concrete

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18
Q

A projection on the outside of a foundation wall giving added support is?

A

Buttress

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19
Q

In precast concrete units, post tensioning is done when

A

After the concrete has cured

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20
Q

The main function of tie rods

A

To hold the forms a fixed distance apart

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21
Q

The horizontal form member used to align and strengthen panels is

A

Waler

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22
Q

What is the minimum cover for reinforcing steel for a wall exposed to the ground or weather

A

30mm

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23
Q

What is the main factor that determines the hydraulic pressure developed at the base of a wall

A

The height of the pour

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24
Q

Based on a definite water-cement ratio, a trial mix of concrete is found to have a 150mm slump.
How is this adjusted to a 75mm slump?

A

Use more sand and gravel

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25
Q

The advantage of a flexible anchor bolt is?

A

It allows space for adjustment

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26
Q

What will the result be of prestressing of precast concrete?

A

High tensile strength

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27
Q

The reinforcing steel in an open concrete stair and landing should be placed where?

A

Near the lower surface

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28
Q

A recess or opening at the top of a foundation wall is called?

A

A beam pocket

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29
Q

Why do tilt-up walls often require special reinforcing?

A

Because the concrete is subject to unusual strain due to the tilting

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30
Q

Why are mudsills required under the slab soffit jacks

A

To avoid point loading at the base of the Jack

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31
Q

Concrete:
What does the slump test measure?

A

Consistency of the concrete

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32
Q

Should the spacing of column yoked be closer at the bottom or at the top?

A

Closer at the bottom than at the top

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33
Q

Increasing the water cement ratio of a concrete mix will?

A

Decrease its strength

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34
Q

Metal pans in form work are used for?

A

Floors

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35
Q

The main purpose of concrete around a steel beam is to make it?

A

Fireproof

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36
Q

In concrete/masonry construction a groove into which metal flashing is fitted is called?

A

Reglet

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37
Q

The rough frame set into a masonry wall to which the finished frame is attached is called a

A

Buck

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38
Q

When two or more types of structural materials are used for load sharing it is referred to as

A

A composite column

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39
Q

A wooden column should not rest on a concrete floor because

A

Moisture may be drawn up from the slab causing the column to rot

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40
Q

The minimum end bearing for floor joists is?

A

38mm (1”1/2)

CODE
9.23.9.1
Except when supported on ribbon boards, floor joists shall not have less than 38mm length of end bearing

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41
Q

What is the purpose of placing the crown up when laying floor joists?

A

To compensate for deflection

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42
Q

A beam or floor joist which supports a header is called?

A

A trimmer

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43
Q

When framing openings in floors for stairs the joists should be?

A

Doubled around all openings

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44
Q

What is the purpose of cross bridging

A

To distribute the weight from one joist to another

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45
Q

To obtain the length of cross bridging with a framing square, what must first be known?

A

Spacing and height of the joists

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46
Q

What is the primary purpose of a box sill

A

To distribute transmitted wall load

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47
Q

The main purpose of mortar under the mudsill is to

A

Ensure uniform bearing on the concrete

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48
Q

Which of the following can be used to layout semi-circular arches
a) transit
B) trammel points
C) try square
D) architects scale

A

B) trammel points

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49
Q

When set into a brick wall the end of a joist or beam should be?

A

Cut on an angle toward the top edge
Why?
If there is a fire and the beam fails the cut helps prevent it taking the wall with it when it goes down

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50
Q

The angle of diagonal subflooring may be laid out with a framing square by using

A

Any two like numbers

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51
Q

What is the best method of determining the straightness of the wall plates

A

A string line and three blocks

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52
Q

The correct length of wall studding for a 2438 clear ceiling height on platform frame using 19mm finish flooring, lath and plaster ceiling and 38mm plates is?

A

Need to know that lath and plaster ceiling will be about 20-24mm
And that you would use 3 plates
2438mm - (38mm x3)
+ 19mm + 20mm
= 2362mm

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53
Q

Where would you find a lintel

A

Above a door or window opening

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54
Q

How is the size of a lintel determined

A

Width of the opening and the vertical load

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55
Q

A term for a board which is recessed in and nailed to studding for carrying floor joists is

A

A ribbon

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56
Q

A short vertical stud used above and below an opening is called?

A

A cripple

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57
Q

In the construction of a window opening, Jack studs are placed where?

A

Vertically at each side

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58
Q

Blocks set between the studs to prevent movement of air currents are called?

A

Fire stops

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59
Q

When sheathing up exterior walls on the floor, the walls are squared up by using?

A

Diagonal measurements

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60
Q

The framing member of a wall which fastens to the floor is called a

A

Sole plate

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61
Q

When the total rise for a common rafter is being checked, the measuring or line length of the rafter is found?

A

At the top outside edge from working point 1 to 2

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62
Q

If the hip Jack rafters are laid out 600mm o/c from the outside corner, the length of the third Jack on a 200 & 250 slope hip roof would be?

A

Use pythagoreum for the slope (200&250). Equals 320.156
Divide that by the run of the slope (250) to get the multiplier equals 1.28
Then: 600mm x 3= 1800
1800 x (multiplier 1.28)
=2304mm

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63
Q

The top end cut on a shortened bakey rafter is a

A

Square cut

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64
Q

The figures used on a square to layout the plum cut on an octagonal hip fit a 150 & 259 slope octagonal roof are?

A

150 & 271 m/o 150

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65
Q

The seat cut on a rafter for a gable roof with a slope 175 and 250 is laid out using

A

175 and 250 cut on 250

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66
Q

The common rafter line length for a roof that has a run of 4877mm and a rise of 3251mm is?

A

It is the hypotenuse of the rise and the run

Square root of:
4877 squared + 3251 squared
Equals: 5861mm

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67
Q

The length of a hip rafter for a 175 and 250 slope roof with 9000mm span is?

A

Find the multiplier for a 175 &250 slope
Trick:
hip value slope is 175 & 353.55
Multiplier is 1.116
ncommon and common are both 4500
A hip rafter is the square root of NCommon squared plus common squared x multiplier

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68
Q

A roof framing member between the hip rafter and the valley rafter is called

A

A cripple Jack rafter

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69
Q

The common difference in the length of the hip Jack rafters spaced at 600mm o/c with a 200 & 250 slope roof is

A

Find the multiplier
Sq/rt of 200sq +250sq
Then that answer divided by the run (250)
Multiple 600 by the multiplier
Equals 768

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70
Q

The unit length of a hip rafter in relationship to the valley rafter is?

A

Equal to the valley rafter

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71
Q

How many sloped surfaces does a mansard roof have

A

8

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72
Q

What could be done in order to bring cornices of an unequal pitch intersecting roof into alignment

A

Raise the plates of the minor span

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73
Q

The theoretical length of a ridge board for an equal pitch hip roof on a building 7315 wide by 13106 long would be?

A

13106 minus one full span 7315
(or two runs which still equal one span)
(7315/2) x2
Equals 5791

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74
Q

The theoretical length of a valley cripple Jack for a 200 and 250 slope roof placed 350mm from the intersection of the supporting and shortened valley is

A

Find the multiplier of a 200 & 250 slope
Equals 1.28
Multiply the multiplier by 350mm
Equals 448.21
Multiply that by two to get the valley length
Equals 869.437mm

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75
Q

The valley cripple Jack extends from?

A

Ridge to valley rafter

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76
Q

A roof that employs hip and valleys is known as an?

A

Intersecting roof

77
Q

The total rise of a roof is calculated how?

A

The slope times the run

78
Q

The true length of a ridge in an equal pitch hip roof framed with a double cheek is?

A

The length minus the width of the building plus the thickness of a common rafter

79
Q

In order for the roof boards to fit, a hip rafter must either be

A

Backed or dropped

80
Q

A collar tire is placed 1.8m above the wall plate on a building with a span of 12m and a slope equal to 200 and 250.
What is the length of the collar tie?

A

Use ratio proportioning
Span=12000mm(run= 6000mm)
6000dv 250=24
24x200 =4800 (rise of roof)
1.8m =1800mm = height of collar tie above wall plate
4800-1800=3000
4800dv 3000 = 1.6
6000dv 1.6 =3750
3750 x 2 = 7500 collar tie

81
Q

A wall that extends above a roof is called

A

A parapet wall

82
Q

The windows in a small projection from the main roof of a house is called

A

A dormer

83
Q

How many cheek cuts does a hip-valley cripple Jack have

A

Two parallel cheek cuts

84
Q

The total rise of a roof is equal to the unit rise multiplied by the

A

Total run/unit run

85
Q

The two factors to be considered in determining the size of a girder are

A

Load and span

86
Q

The number of girders that will be required on a building that is 27432 wide placing them 1525 o/c is?

A

27432 dv 1524 = 18
Subtract one
17

87
Q

Before placing joists on a girder, the girder should be supported how?

A

Supported permanently with concrete pier or wood posts resting on concrete footing

88
Q

The supporting section of a wall between two openings is called a

A

Pier

89
Q

A cantilevered beam can be described as a

A

Member which is unsupported at one end

90
Q

An entire structure consisting of a truss and it’s supporting columns is called a

A

Bent

91
Q

Temporary framing to support a structure while it is being erected can be referred to as

A

False work and shoring

92
Q

Two single sashes in one frame hinged at the sides are described as

A

Double casements

93
Q

What material is known as reflective insulation

A

Aluminum foil

94
Q

Interior finish jambs are usually housed for what

A

To receive a header

95
Q

It is necessary to make an interior door jamb the same width as the finished wall so

A

The door casing will be flat against the wall

96
Q

When hanging inside doors, the joints between the side of the door jamb should be

A

2mm

97
Q

Casings are nailed to what

A

To both the jamb and the studs

98
Q

When the end of a piece of moulding is shaped to fit the face contour of an intersecting moulding, it is said to be

A

Coped

99
Q

Finished flooring should be kept how many mm clear off the walls

A

Approximately 12mm clear

100
Q

The minimum distance from a counter top to the bottom of the wall cabinet should be

A

380 mm
(About 15”)

101
Q

In cabinet making, which is the most acceptable for making stile and rail joints

A

Mortise-tenon

102
Q

The purpose of lining a closet with special wood is

A

To keep away moths

103
Q

When a cabinet door is rabbetted the type of hinge which must be used is

A

An offset hinge

104
Q

Layout for the ceiling tile should start at the centre lines of the room in order to

A

Have equal size tiles at opposite ends

105
Q

The most acceptable angle for stairs is

A

25-35 degrees

106
Q

The minimum headroom for a private residence stairway, permissible under N.B.C. Regulations is

A

1950mm
Appx 6’5”

107
Q

The tread run of a 15 riser stairway that has a total run of 3556 is

A

Answer: 254mm

15 rise equals 14 run
3556 divided by 14
Equals 254

108
Q

When constructing stairways it is the safest practice to have them free from

A

Winders

109
Q

Each riser is 184 high, and the total rise is 2944. How many risers are in the stairway

A

Answer: 16

2944/184=16
This has to be in a private residence otherwise it violates building code

BC building code
9.8.4.1
Private stair:
Min rise = 125mm
Max rise = 200mm

Public stair
Min rise= 125mm
Max rise = 180mm

110
Q

A ‘Narrow U’ stairs consists of

A

Two flights and one platform

111
Q

The unit rise plus the unit run should equal?

A

18” approximately
This is thought to be the most comfortable ratio for people

112
Q

How is a total station different from a digital theodolite

A

Total stations are more versatile
Makes for faster more accurate work
Built-in computer system that can measure greater distances

113
Q

When would the quick-release feature of the transit be used

A

Can be replaced with a prism

114
Q

Describe the parts of a segment

A

A chord, arc and area

115
Q

How is a chord length calculated

A

2x radius x sin(1/2 interior angle)

116
Q

Which instrument requires only the fisheye bubble to be adjusted

A

Automatic level

117
Q

Another name for an automatic level

A

Self-levelling level

118
Q

Which level uses a coincidence levelling system for fine adjustment

A

Engineers level

119
Q

The transit level can
A: measure angels vertically only
B: measure angles horizontally only
C: measure horizontally and vertically
D: measure more accurate than a theodolite

A

C: measure angles horizontally and vertically

120
Q

Compared to a dumpy level, an engineers level is

A

More accurate

121
Q

How are crosshairs focused on an automatic level

A

The eyepiece

122
Q

How is the image focused on an automatic level

A

The focus knob

123
Q

Automatic level:
What does the clamp have to do with the tangent screw

A

A tangent screw will not work unless the clamp is locked (just snug)

124
Q

What kind of beam does an electronic laser have

A

Infrared laser beam

125
Q

Sensors or detectors are not required for locating the beam of a laser or electronic level
True
False

A

False

126
Q

The the main categories of the carpentry trade are

A

Concrete forming
Finishing
Framing

127
Q

What is the name of the document that sets out the rights of the apprentice

A

British Columbia employment standards

128
Q

In the industrial health and safety regulations, construction procedures for buildings or structures are regulated by

A

Section 34

129
Q

What are the three components of the fire triangle

A

Heat
Oxygen
Fuel

130
Q

When halon 1211 is used as a fire extinguisher, it leaves
A: white powder to be cleaned up
B: foam that must be removed
C: no mess
D: water to be mopped up

A

C: no mess

131
Q

Burning wood, paper, and/out rubbish is classed as

A

Class A fires

132
Q

Match class to fire
1: electrical
2: combustible metals
3: basic fires
4: flammable liquis

A

Class A: basic fire (wood, paper, rubbish)
Class B: flammable liquids
Class C: electrical
Class D: combustible metals

133
Q

The letters SHLP on a blueprint is the abbreviation for

A

Shiplap

134
Q

The drawing containing the most information about the building is the

A

Floor plan

135
Q

Which plan typically show buildings, roads, sidewalks and paths/trails, parking, drainage facilities, sanitary sewer lines, water lines, lighting, and landscaping and garden elements.

A

Site plan

136
Q

What plan provides us with an idea of what the finished building will look like. It is a visual representation of the exterior sides of a building, illustrating the structural and architectural details. In some cases, these plans can also illustrate the interior of a building.

A

An elevation plan

137
Q

What kind of plans are scale drawings that show the relationship between rooms, spaces and physical features viewed from above.
They provide a way to visualize how people will move through the space.

A

Floor plans

138
Q

Which plan is an orthographic projection of an object as if it would appear cut vertically by an intersecting plane, drawn similar to a floor plan, but vertically. As a plan, we see wall thicknesses, windows, doors and openings.

A

A section plan

139
Q

Where would you find beam and girder details

A

Structural drawings

140
Q

Architectural drawings are used to do what?

A

Overall design and finishing details

141
Q

On a blue print, object lines are

A

Thick and dark

142
Q

On which drawings will the exterior finish of the building usually be found

A

Elevation views

143
Q

Carpenters will find the plastic templates helpful in their drawings of the templates contain

A

Plumbing fixtures and door symbols
(Called a set square)

144
Q

If a province doesn’t have its own building code, a contractor constructing a building would use the

A

National building code

145
Q

In addition to the national building code or the British Columbia building code, architects designing buildings use

A

The National fire Code and the Canadian Electrical code

146
Q

The parts of the British Columbia Building Code that carpenters are concerned with most often are

A

part 3: use and occupancy
part 9: housing and small buildings

147
Q

The BC building code has regulations for joist spans in

A

Part 9: section 23
Known as the span tables

148
Q

The BC building code regulations on footing sizes are found in

A

Part 9: section 15

149
Q

The minimum compressive strength for concrete used in residential foundation construction is

A

15Mpa

Concrete is rated by compressive strength, which is measured in MPa (megapascals). MPa is the metric unit of measurement for pressure.

A single Pascal represents roughly the amount of downward pressure that a single Canadian bank note exerts while resting flat upon a surface.
In the metric system, mega equals one million – so one MPa is the downward pressure exerted by one million bank notes and 15 MPa is the downward pressure exerted by 15 million bank notes.

150
Q

The minimum diameter for anchor bolts on a residential foundation is

A

12mm (1/2 inch)

CODE
9.23. 6.1
Anchorage is to be provided by fastening the sill plate to the foundation with not less than 12.7 mm (1/2”) diameter anchor bolts spaced not more than
2.4 m (7.8’) o.c.

151
Q

Wood lumber defects
Describe each
A: cook or crown
B: cup
C: twist
d: bow

A

A: a bend in the horizontal edge
B: a bend on the immediate flat surface like a U
C: a twist in the wood
D: a bend in the length of the flat surface

152
Q

The Shank diameter of a screw is listed as

A

It’s gage number

153
Q

If there is a risk of wind uplift to a roof with a large overhang, the carpenters will secure rafters to the top of the walls with

A

Framing anchors

154
Q

To accurately measure both the inside or the outside diameter of an object, which tool should be used

A

Calliper rule

155
Q

A tool capable of being used as a try square, mitre square, height and depth gauge and marking gauge is the

A

Combination square

156
Q

When you sharpen an auger but, which parts of the bit should be sharpened

A

The inside of the spur and the side of the cutting lip away from the screw

157
Q

What type of file is used to sharpen a spade bit

A

A triangular file

158
Q

The hand screw clamp can apply pressure how

A

Apply pressure at different angles

159
Q

Sandpaper is referred to as open coat or closed coat. This refers to?

A

The spacing of the grains

160
Q

What type of bit can be used in one operation to make a countersink hole, a shank hole and a pilot hole for driving flathead wood screws

A

A combination bit

161
Q

Making a plum cut with a portable circular saw requires that the operator raise the saw blade clear off the work, then

A

Retract the guard

162
Q

Masonry products may be cut with a portable circular saw if it has an

A

An abrasive blade
A better answer might be a Diamond blade if it is an option

163
Q

What material is considered unacceptable for a powder actuated fastening?

A

Cast iron

164
Q

Order of strength for powder actuated fastening?

A

Go Back Get Your Reds First
GBGYRF
Grey, black, green, yellow, red

165
Q

When a powder actuated to misfires you must hold it in contact with the workpiece for 20 sec then

A

Re-fire the tool

166
Q

The most common cause of serious chain saw injuries is

A

Kickback

167
Q

Rakers serve two purpose of a chain saw: they remove water from the cut and they

A

Determine the depth of cut for each tooth

168
Q

When using a laser level for levelling purposes the beam is sent

A

Through 360 degrees

169
Q

The electronic level uses

A

Infrared beams

170
Q

once the outside footing forms are in place, how are the inside footings positioned for width and height

A

Using a spreader and level

171
Q

When the weight of a column is to be transferred to more than one post what type of footing is used

A

Strap footing

172
Q

Why is the outside corner of a concrete form so important

A

This part of the form work is potentially weak

173
Q

What is the maximum vertical distance you are permitted in one step of a stepped fitting

A

600mm

174
Q

The mansard roof is a variation of

A

A gambrel roof

175
Q

An upward curve or crown built into a beam or girder to prevent it from sagging is known as

A

Camber

176
Q

If a sill plate is less than 150 mm above grade it requires

A

A layer of damp proofing between the foundation and sill

CODE
9.23.2.3
Protection from Dampness
1) Except as permitted in Sentence ( 2),wood framing members that are not pressure-treated with a wood preservative and that are supported on concrete in contact with the ground or fill shall be separated from the concrete by not less than 0.05 mm polyethylene film or Type S roll roofing.
2) Damp proofing material referred to in Sentence (1) is not required where the wood member is at least 150 mm above the ground.

177
Q

If the floor framing rests only on the sill plate, the sill plate must be no smaller than

A

38mm x 89 mm

CODE
9.23.7.1

Size of Sill Plates. 1) Intent Statement Where sill plates provide bearing for the floor system, they shall be not less than 38 mm by 89 mm material

178
Q

The cross sectional size of a beam is governed by

A

Span of the beam

179
Q

In platform framing, floor joists require an end bearing of no less than

A

38mm
2x4

CODE
9.23.9.1.
End Bearing for Joists
1) Intent StatementExcept when supported on ribbon boards, floor joists shall have not less than 38 mm length of end bearing.
2) Intent StatementRibbon boards referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 19 mm by 89 mm lumber let into the studs

180
Q

A built up beam should project above the foundation by

A

The thickness of the sill plate

181
Q

The main purpose of staggered studs wall construction is

A

Reduce the noise transmitted from one room to another

182
Q

When you are laying out exterior walls that butt to another exterior wall, the location of the first studs in from the end of the wall will depend on?

A

Wall thickness and sheathing thickness

183
Q

When pony walls are used in crawl spaces, they are substitutes for

A

Posts and beams

184
Q

To adjust a common rafter to accommodate a 38mm thick ridge board, you must measure back

A

19 mm at 90 degrees to the plum line

Half the thickness of the ridge (90degrees)

185
Q

The horizontal distance from one outside wall plate to the other is known as the

A

Span

186
Q

If a building has a span of 5000 mm and a gable roof is to be built, each rafter will have a run of

A

2500 mm
Run is half the span

187
Q

The distance from the end wall to the first truss inward from the gable end should be equal to the

A

Projection at the gable end

188
Q

All roof framing calculations are based on

A

A right-angled triangle

189
Q

Hip rafters and common rafters will always be equal in

A

Number of units of run

Red Seal Carpentry (5 decks)

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