Occupational HS Pt2 Flashcards
Effects of radiation may cause formation of ___ and ____ which may cause ____ damage
Formation of ions and free radicals. May cause chromosomal damage
Radiation increases risk of what kinds of cancer
Thyroid, bone, lymphatic system, hematopoietic system (blood cell making )
What rapidly diving cells are most susceptible to radiation
Ovaries and testes, skin, intestinal lining, bone marrow
____ are worn to measure radiation exposure over time
Dosimeters
Radiation is measured in what unit
Millisieverts (mSv)
Maximum radiation exposure limits in US for a non pregnant adult
50mSv annually
Maximum radiation exposure limits in US for a pregnant woman
5 mSv for course of pregnancy
Maximum radiation exposure limit in US for a person under 18
5 mSv
If high dose radiation exposure occurs immediately before contraception, there is an increased risk of
Down syndrome, leukemia
If a high dose radiation exposure occurs in first 2 weeks of pregnancy, there is an increased risk of
A spontaneous abortion
High dose radiation exposure in first 4 months of pregnancy increases the risk of
Epilepsy, mental retardation, ocular genital or skeletal defects, stunted growth
High radiation exposure after 4 months of pregnancy risks
Minor defects, lower incidences
Radiation exposure should be ALARA, meaning
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
3 tenets of achieving ALARA radiation exposure
Time: decrease amount of exposure time
Distance: increase distance from source
Shielding: protective clothing
Examples of radiation shielding
Lead apron/ gloves, thyroid shields, lead wall
In nys, employers cannot order who to perform tasks that directly expose them to xray beams
Persons under 18 Fertile women (not necessarily pregnant)
Liquid gas anesthetics _____ rapidly into the room when uncapped.
____ through skin into the circulation
Evaporate
Absorbed
Where is waste anesthetic gas common
Prep rooms (where animal is anesthetized), surgical suites, treatment rooms, recovery areas (exhaled while recovering)
Scavenging system
System for collecting and disposing of anesthetic has after it has been used (ex: tube connected to machine, going out window)
NIOSH
National institute for occupational safety and health
NIOSH recommends a maximum anesthesia exposure of
2 ppm hourly (parts per notation)
Example of an anesthetic gas brand that is not used anymore
Methoxyflurane
Long term effects of anesthetic gas exposure
Reproductive disorders, liver or kidney disease, nervous system dysfunction
Brand examples of newer anesthetics that are far less likely to stay in your system or cause side effects
Isoflurane, sevoflurane
An effective scavenging system may reduce waste gas in clinic by ____ %
90%
Test anesthesia machine for ____ each day
Leaks
Pour liquid anesthesia into vaporizer using a ____ instead of directly from bottle
Nozzle
Anesthetic techniques
Injectable anesthetics, intubation, mask induction (better than chamber induction)
Which anesthetic technique reuses gas
Intubation. (When patient exhales, goes back in tube)
After injecting anesthesia, you
Hook the animal up to gas at a low concentration
If needles must be recapped, use _______ technique
One handed technique (scoop the cap off the table, onto the needle)
Which toxic chemical: attack rapidly dividing cells, harmful to developing fetus, waste products harmful
Chemotherapy agents
Which toxic chemical: flea and tick products
Pesticides
List the toxic chemicals
Chemo agents, radiograph developer and fixative (avoid by using digital radiography), pesticides, disinfectants
Teratogenic
Cause birth defects
Hormone exposure to pregnant women can
Be teratogenic, cause spontaneous abortion, induce labor
What absorbs easy, skin or mucous membrane
Mucous membrane
An SDS should be on file for ever chemical used in the clinic
Safety data sheet
US employers are required to keep a log of
Occupational illness and injuries
3 employee responsibilities
LEARN- hazards and procedures for avoiding injury
WEAR- protective equipment
REPORT- poor incidents or conditions
OSHA is a federal agency under the
Dept of labor
