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CPHM FINALS > OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH > Flashcards

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

A cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting
the health and safety of the people engaged in work
or employment

A

occupational health

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2
Q

anything that has the potential to cause harm

A

hazard

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3
Q

likelihood that a particular hazard will occur

A

risk

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4
Q

environmental factors or stressors in
the workplace, or etiologic agents of occupational
diseases

A

health hazrds

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5
Q

may either be due to unsafe
condition in the workplace or unsafe act of the worker

A

safety hazards

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6
Q

4 classification of health hazards

A

Physical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Ergonomic stressors

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7
Q

Involves contact with various forms of energy

A

physical hazards

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8
Q

examples of physical hazards

A

o Temperature (heat and cold)
o Lighting
o Noise
o Radiation (Ionizing and Non-ionizing
radiation)
o Vibration
o Barometric pressure

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9
Q

Agents or organisms which transmit diseases to man
and affect his or her health adversely

A

biological hazards

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10
Q

3 major sources of microbes in work environment

A
  1. Those stemming from infective individuals
  2. Those arising from microbial decomposition of various
    substances associate with particular occupations
  3. Those associated with certain types of environment
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11
Q

common bacteria in healthcare environment

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella typhi
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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11
Q

common bacteria in healthcare environment

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella typhi
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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12
Q

common viruses in healthcare environment

A

hepa B
HIV

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13
Q

Are the infection control techniques that were
recommended following the AIDS outbreak in the
1980s

A

universal precautions

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14
Q

Essentially it means that every patient is treated as if
they are infected and therefore precautions are taken
to minimize risk

A

universal precautions

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15
Q

Substances used ,and/or generated as raw materials,
intermediate products, finished products and waste
materials

A

chemical hazards

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16
Q

Widely used system for cataloging information on
chemicals, chemical compounds and chemical
mixtures

A

material safety data sheets (MSDS)

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17
Q

Information includes properties of a particular
substance, instructions for the safe use, potential
hazards associated with a particular material or
product, provision of procedures for handling or
working with that substance in a safe manner

A

material safety data sheets (MSDS)

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18
Q

Scientific discipline concerned with the understanding
of interactions among human and other elements of a
system, and the profession that applies theory,
principles, data and methods to design in order to
optimize human well-being and overall system
performance

A

ergonomics

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19
Q

Refers to factors that result in worker’s discomfort, in
relation to his/her job

A

ergonomics stressors

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20
Q

a methodology for performing a
risk assessment

A

job safety analysis

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21
Q

control measures

A
  • administrative control
  • engineering control
  • use of PPEs
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22
Q
  • Branch of public health
  • Concerned with all aspects of the natural and built
    environment that may affect human health**
A

environmental health

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23
Q

Aspects of human health and disease that are
determined by factors in the environment
–WHO

A

environmental health

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24
Q

refers to the theory and practice of assessing
and controlling factors in the environment that can
potentially affect health

A

environmental health

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25
Q

May be also known as sanitarians, public health
inspectors, environmental health specialist, or
environmental health officers

A

environmental health practitioners

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26
Q

aspects of EH

A
  • Water sanitation
  • Food sanitation
  • Community waste management
  • Rodent control
  • Vector control
  • Air pollution control
  • Occupation health
  • Radiologic health
  • Sanitary housing
  • Disaster management
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27
Q

types of water

A
  • potable water
  • polluted water
  • contaminated water
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28
Q

safe, clean, free from contaminants and
pollution, recommended for drinking purposes

A

potable water

29
Q

water which has suffered impairment on its
physical qualities

A

polluted water

30
Q

– contains infectious agents, materials
and toxic or poisonous substances, condemned for drinking
purposes

A

contaminated water

31
Q

types of water according to sources

A
  1. rain water
  2. surface water
  3. underground water
  4. piped water
32
Q

source of all fresh water, distilled pure water
which may get contaminated at atmosphere during collection
and storage

A

rain water

33
Q

natural flow of water as a result of ground
see page like water from rivers, lakes, springs, streams

A

surface water

34
Q

below the layers of the earth usually
clean and safe except when located near the source of
pollution such as septic tank

A

underground water

35
Q

– distributed to houses by means of pipes
usually treated

A

piped water

36
Q

impurities in water

A

physical
chemical
bacteriologic
biologic
radiologic

37
Q

– inert suspension of floating substances
that are carried by water that cause cloudiness or turbidity

A

physical impurities

38
Q

– dissolved constituents of water which
account mostly for the color of water

A

chemical impurities

39
Q

– include microscopic plants and animals
other than bacteria present in water

A

biologic impurities

40
Q

results of nuclear weapon testing and
discharge of radioisotopes and other radioactive wastes into
water courses

A

radiologic impurities

41
Q

This is done to enumerate the total viable
population of bacteria present in sample

A

standard plate count

42
Q

This is done to determine the specific type of
coliform bacteria present in sample

A

test for coliform

43
Q

– index of fecal contamination
and serves as an indicator group in bacteriologic
analysis of water

A

escherichia coli

44
Q

cont. test for coliform:

A
  1. presumptive test
  2. confirmatory test
  3. completed test
45
Q

process whereby water particles are
brought into intimate contact with air for the
purpose of affecting the exchange of gas,
peculiar taste and odor are removed

A

aeration

45
Q

process whereby water particles are
brought into intimate contact with air for the
purpose of affecting the exchange of gas,
peculiar taste and odor are removed

A

aeration

46
Q

method of removing calcium and
magnesium salts which might affect the
qualities of water

A

softening

47
Q

– treatment process aimed at
preventing dental carries or tooth decay
especially among children

A

fluoridation

48
Q

– removal of taste, odor,
color of water by the use of activated charcoal
as absorbent

A

contact treatment

49
Q

caused by living organisms such as
bacteria and parasite entering the body with food as
vehicle for transmission

A

food-borne infection

50
Q

– this maybe caused by
bacterial toxins or chemicals, may also be naturally
occurring poisons present in plants, mushrooms, fishes
and spoiled foods

A

food poisoning/intoxication

51
Q

methods of food preservation

A
  1. refrigeration(cooling)
  2. drying
  3. salting
  4. pickling/souring
  5. sugaring
  6. smoking
  7. canning
52
Q

Low temperate (0-4 oC) prevents
bacterial activity. Natural flavor maybe maintained

A

refrigeration

53
Q
  • Removes moisture from food stuff essential for
    bacterial growth and multiplication since bacteria need water or
    moisture to live and multiply so drying will kill the bacteria
A

drying

54
Q
  • Involves the addition of relatively large amounts of
    common table salts to preserve foods. Salt is bacteriostatic.
A

salting

55
Q

Preserving food using weak acid
(vinegar, lactic acid)

A

picking/souring

56
Q
  • Involves the storage of foods in syrup containing
    more than about 50% sugar as sucrose or dextrose
A

sugaring

56
Q
  • Involves the storage of foods in syrup containing
    more than about 50% sugar as sucrose or dextrose
A

sugaring

57
Q

This involves rapid drying over smoke. The
preserving action comes from some preservatives in the
smoke. Usually done in meat and fish

A

smoking

58
Q

This involves rapid drying over smoke. The
preserving action comes from some preservatives in the
smoke. Usually done in meat and fish

A

smoking

59
Q

Sterilization, cooking and preserving in air tight tin
cans

A

canning

60
Q

3 basic methods of refuse disposal

A
  • storage
  • collection
  • final disposal
61
Q

structure that is used for reception, disposal and
storage of feces and human excreta

A

privy

62
Q

Introduction into the atmosphere of substance harmful
to public health

A

air pollution

63
Q

Any substances found in the atmosphere other than
nitrogen and inert gases in their normal concentration
that is detrimental to health

A

air pollutants

64
Q

5 common air pollutants

A
  1. ground level ozone
  2. nitrogen oxides
  3. particulate matters
  4. sulfur oxides
  5. carbon dioxide
65
Q

measures to prevent & control air pollution

A
  • Eliminate or reduce the source
  • Use of anti-air pollution devices in industries
  • Are planning/zoning
  • Legislation – enforcing laws and regulations prohibiting
    the use of smoke-belching vehicles and promotion of
    anti-pollution measures especially in industries
  • Health education
  • Tree planting
66
Q
  • Ozone is an odorless, colorless gas composed of
    three oxygen atoms. It is not usually emitted directly
    into the air but at ground level and is created by a
    chemical reaction between oxides of nitrogen and
    volatile organic compound (VOC) in the presence of
    heat and sunligh
A

ground level ozone

67
Q

Sources: motor vehicles, electric utilities and other
industrial, commercial and residential sources that
burn fuel

A

nitrogen oxides

68
Q
  • Particles found in the air including dust, dirt, smoke
    and liquid droplets. Particles can be suspended in the
    air for long period of time
A

particulate matters

69
Q
  • It dissolves easily in air
  • Sources are industrial facilities that derive their
    products from raw materials like metallic ore and
    crude oil (examples are petroleum refineries, cement
    manufacturing and metal processing facilities)
A

sulfur oxides

CPHM FINALS (4 decks)

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