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CPHM FINALS > NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE > Flashcards

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

disease that is not spread through contact

A

non communiccable disease

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2
Q

caused by how people live, conditions they are born with, or environmental hazards

A

non communicable disease

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3
Q

not spread through contact because most are not caused by germs. they are breakdown in body cells and tissues.

A

non communicable disease

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4
Q

cause further breakdown/ degeneration in body cells and tissues as they progress

A

degenerative diseases

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5
Q

present either continuously/ off and on over a long period of time.

A

chronic disease

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6
Q

may develop as aresult of person’s lifestyle behaviours/substances in person’s environment.

A

chronic diseases

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7
Q

2 diseases that is present at birth

A

genetic disorder & birth defect

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8
Q

body does not develop/function normally because of an inherited problem

A

genetic disorder

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9
Q

disorders of the developing & newborn baby, causes unknown

A

birth defect

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10
Q

NO CURE for genetic disorders & birth defects

A
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11
Q

certain characteristics that increase a person’s chances of developing the disease

A

risk factors

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12
Q

many diseases caused by hazards in environment.

chemicals, 2nd hand smoke, radon, asbestos,

A

diseases caused by environment

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13
Q

NCD’s overriding infectious diseases & double the burden of diseases in many developing countries.

A

epidemiological

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14
Q

tobacco use is increasing, diets are rapidly
changing, physical activity reduces, alcohol use increases,
obesity, hypertension are increasing in most parts of the
world, while undernutrition remains a severe issue

A

lifestyle

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15
Q

sudden onset, single cause, short natural history, cure is achieved, single disciple, short follow-up

A

communicable disease

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16
Q

gradual onset, multiple etiology, long natural history, care predominates, multidisciplinary, prolonged follow-up

A

non communicable disease

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17
Q

60% of global deaths are due to NCD’s

A
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18
Q

40% of cancer is preventable

A

80% of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes is preventable

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19
Q

large part of chronic respiratory diseases is preventable

A
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20
Q

4 common risk factors responsible for majority of NCD’s

A

inactivity
unhealthy diet
tobacco
alcohol

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21
Q

major NCD’s have shared preventable risk factors:

A

tabacco use
unhealthy diet
physical inactivity
harmful use of alcohol

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22
Q

90% of Filipinos has 1/more prevalent risk factors

A

physical inactivity 60.5%
smoking 34.8%
hypertension 22.5%
hypercholesterolemia 8.5%
overweight 20%
obesity 4.9%
diabetes 4.6%

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23
Q

only 19% of national population eat fruit & vegetables more than 4 times a day

A
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24
Q

recommended standard serving

A

100% eating 5 servings DAILY

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25
Q

use of tobacco for both sexes:

A

22% (20% in 2003)

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26
Q

current use pf tobacco for boys:

A

34% (27% in 2003)

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27
Q

current use of tobacco for girls:

A

14% (13% in 2003)

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28
Q

11% filipinos 15-74 yrs old regulary drink alcoholic beverages

A
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29
Q

24% filipinos 15-18 yrs olf regulary drink alcoholic beverages

A
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30
Q

42% filipinos 15-27 yrs old are current drinkers

A
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31
Q

framework for NCD prevention & control actions:

causation pathway actions:

A
  • environmental interventions
  • lifestyle interventions
  • clinical interventions
  • advocacy
  • research & surveeillance
  • politocal & community leadership, intersectoral partnerships & community mobilization
  • health systems strengthening
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32
Q

causation pathway:
UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS

A
  • globalizations
  • urbanization
  • population ageing
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33
Q

causation pathway:
COMMON RISK FACTORS

A
  • unhealthy diet
  • physical inactivity
  • tobacco & alcojol use
  • age (non-modifiable)
  • heredity (non-modifiable)
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34
Q

causation pathway:
INTERMEDIATE RISK FACTORS

A
  • raised blood sugar
  • raised blood pressure
  • abnormal blood lipids
  • overweight/obesity
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35
Q

causation pathway:
MAIN CHRONIC DISEASES

A
  • heart disease
  • cancer
  • stroke
  • chronic respiratory diseases
  • diabetes
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36
Q

intervention pathway:
ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS

macroeconomic & policy changes

A
  • governance
  • policy & legislation
  • creating supportive built environments
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37
Q

intervention pathway:
LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS

A
  • behavioral interventions
  • improving the ‘built’ environment
  • information & education
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38
Q

intervention pathway:
CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS

A
  • clinical preventive services
  • risk factor detection & control
  • acute care
  • chronic care & rehabilitation
  • palliative care
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39
Q

1 killer of adults in US

any condition that lessens strength/ function of heart/blood vessels

A

cardiovascular diseases:
HEART DISEASE

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40
Q

any condition that lessens strength/ function of heart/blood vessels

A

cardiovascular diseases:
HEART DISEASE

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41
Q

arteries that supply heart muscles with blood

A

coronary arteries

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42
Q

condition which fatty substances in blood are deposited on walls of arteries

A

artherosclerosis

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43
Q

fatty substances that causes artherosclerosis, some are produced by body, certain foods also contain cholesterol

A

cholesterol

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44
Q

hardening of arteries. slows flow of blood & is a major cause of HBP

A

arteriosclerosis

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45
Q

force of blood on inside walls of blood vessels

A

blood pressure

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46
Q

typical blood pressure for teens is 110/70

A
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47
Q

when blood pressure is consistently higher than normal

A

hypertension (high blood pressure)

48
Q

4 factors that increases your chances of having HBP:

A
  • eating large amount of salt
  • being overweight
  • feeling extreme stress for long perios of time
  • having a family history of HBP
49
Q

called ‘the silent killer’

A

High Blood Pressure(heart disease)

50
Q

risk factors of HBP:
not within a person’s control

A
  • age
  • gender
  • race
  • family history
51
Q

risk factors of HBP:
within person’s control

A
  • weight
  • exercise
  • diet
  • tobacco
52
Q

6 ways of treating heart disease

A
  • heart transplant
  • bypass surgery
  • dissolving blood clots
  • angioplasty
  • medication
  • changing lifestyle behaviours
53
Q

replacing diseased heart with healthy heart from donor

A

heart transplant

54
Q

removing a vein from leg and form detour around the blockage

A

bypass surgery

55
Q

medications are used to dissolve the clots

A

dissolving blood clots

56
Q

ways to prevent heart disease

A
  • don’t smoke
  • healthy diet
  • stop/reduce alcohol intake
  • exercuse
  • avoid stress
  • keep a health weight
57
Q

key for prevention of Hypertension:

A
  • encourage proper nutrition
  • prevent becoming overweight/obese
  • smoking cessation
  • indentify people at risk & encourage regular check-up
58
Q

heart disease caused by impaired coronary blood flow
also known as ‘ ischemic heart disease’

A

coronary artery disease

59
Q

modifiable risk factors of CAD:

A
  • high lipid & cholesterol level in blood = high LDL
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • physical inactivity/sedentary lifestyle
  • stress
60
Q

non-modifiable risk factors of CAD:

A
  • hereditary/family history
  • gender
  • age
61
Q

loss/alteration of bodily function that results from insufficient supply of blood to some parts of brain.

A

cerebrovascular disease/stroke

62
Q

3 types of stroke:

A
  • thrombotic
  • embolic
  • hemorrhagic
63
Q

stroke that usually occurs in atherosclerotic blood vessel commonly seen in older people.

A

thrombotic people

64
Q

stoke caused by a moving blood clot
usually from a thrombus in the left heart that
becomes lodged in a small artery through which it
cannot pass

A

embolic stroke

65
Q

most fatal type of stroke,
rupture of intracerebral blood vessel

A

hemorrhagic stroke

66
Q

risk factors of stroke:

A
  • increasing age
  • sex-women
  • hereditary & race
  • hypertension
  • cigarette smoking
  • heart disease
  • high RBC count- thicken blood and make clots
  • season & climate
  • socio-economic factors
  • certain kinds of drug abuse
67
Q

key areas for prevention of stroke:

A
  • Treatment and control HPN
  • Smoking cessation
  • Limit alcohol consumption
  • Avoid intravenous drug abuse
  • Prevent all other risk factors of atherosclerosis
68
Q

develops when cells in a part of the body begin to
grow out of control. continue to grow and
divide even when there is no need to do so. Instead of
dying they outlive normal cells and continue to form new
abnormal cells. They compete with normal cells for the
blood supply and nutrients

A

cancer

69
Q

travel to other parts of the body where
they begin to grow and replace normal tissue

A

metastasis

70
Q

causes of cancer

A
  • Hereditary/family history
  • Carcinogens
  • Polycyclic hydrocarbon
71
Q

agent capable of causing cancer, maybe
chemical, environmental agent, radiation

A

carcinogens

72
Q

chemicals found in cigarette
smoke, industrial agents and in smoked foods

A

polycylic hydrocarbon

73
Q

produced when meat and fish are
charcoal broiled or smoked, also produced when food is
fried in fat that has been reused repeatedly

A

benzopyrene

74
Q

powerful carcinogens used as
preservatives in foods like tocino, longganisa bacon,
hotdogs

A

nitrosamines

75
Q

UV rays from sunlight, x-rays

A

radiation

76
Q

found in peanuts and peanut butter

A

Aflatoxin

77
Q

2nd leading cause of death in adults in the US

A

cancer

78
Q

group of abnormal cells

A

tumors

79
Q

Benign Tumor - are not cancerous

A
80
Q

Malignant Tumor - cancerous

A
81
Q

cause of cancer:

A
  • Factors that are inherited
  • Lifestyle behaviors
  • Carcinogens
82
Q

diagnosing cancer:

A
  • Routine Physical Examination
  • Blood Tests
  • Biopsy
83
Q

7 warning signs of cancer

A

Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or
Difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

84
Q

treatment of cancer:

A
  • Surgery
  • Radiation
  • chemotheraphy
85
Q

Key areas for primary prevention of cancers:

A
  • Smoking cessation
  • Encourage proper nutrition
  • Increase intake of dietary fibers
  • Limit consumption if smoked, charcoal-broiled, salt
    cured foods
  • Drink alcohol beverages in moderation
  • Control obesity
  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
86
Q

Genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of metabolic
disorder characterized by glucose intolerance with
hyperglycemia present at time of diagnosis

A

diabetes mellitus

87
Q

2 types of diabetes:

A

type I - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
type II - non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

88
Q
  • Characterized by absolute lack of insulin due to
    damaged pancreas
  • Dependent of insulin injections
  • Genetic, environment or maybe acquired
A

TYPE I

89
Q
  • More common, 90-95% of all person with diabetes
  • More preventable because it is associated with
    obesity and diet
  • Possible cause include impaired insulin secretion and
    increased hepatic glucose production
  • Usually in older and overweight persons
A

type II

90
Q

diabetes that develops during pregnancy and
may lead to Type II DM

A

gestational diabetes

91
Q

risk factors of type II DM:

A
  • Family history
  • Overweight and obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Hypertension
92
Q

Key areas for prevention and control of diabetes:

A
  • Encourage proper nutrition
  • Maintain body weight and prevent obesity
  • Promote regular exercise
  • Smoking cessation – DM patients who smoke have
    higher risk of heart attack and stroke
93
Q
  • Major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide –
    4th leading cause of mortality.
  • It is a disease characterized by
    airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)

94
Q

Causes and risk factors of COPD:

A
  • Smoking (primary cause)
  • chronic bronchitis and
    emphysema
  • Age
95
Q

used in nail polish remover

A

Acetone

96
Q

used in vinegar

A

acetic acid

97
Q

used in food and toilet cleaners

A

ammonia

98
Q

used to make rat poison

A

arsenic

99
Q

used in cigarette lighter fluid

A

Butane

100
Q

used on rechargeable batteries

A

Cadmium

101
Q

found in exhaust fumes

A

Carbon monoxide

102
Q

used to preserve dead bodies

A

Formaldehyde

103
Q

used in lighter fluid

A

Hexamine

104
Q

used in gas chambers

A

Hydrogen cyanide

105
Q

used like gasoline

A

Methane

106
Q

used to make moth balls

A

Naphthalene

107
Q

used in insecticides

A

Nicotine

108
Q

used as gasoline additive

A

Nitrobenzene

109
Q

used as disinfectants

A

Nitrous oxide

110
Q

used as insecticide

A

Dieldrin

111
Q

alcohol

A

Ethanol

112
Q

alcohol

A

Ethanol

113
Q

used in candle wax

A

Stearic acid

114
Q

used as industrial solvent

A

Toluene

115
Q

used to make PVC pipe

A

Vinyl chloride

CPHM FINALS (4 decks)

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