NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Flashcards
1
Q
disease that is not spread through contact
A
non communiccable disease
2
Q
caused by how people live, conditions they are born with, or environmental hazards
A
non communicable disease
3
Q
not spread through contact because most are not caused by germs. they are breakdown in body cells and tissues.
A
non communicable disease
4
Q
cause further breakdown/ degeneration in body cells and tissues as they progress
A
degenerative diseases
5
Q
present either continuously/ off and on over a long period of time.
A
chronic disease
6
Q
may develop as aresult of person’s lifestyle behaviours/substances in person’s environment.
A
chronic diseases
7
Q
2 diseases that is present at birth
A
genetic disorder & birth defect
8
Q
body does not develop/function normally because of an inherited problem
A
genetic disorder
9
Q
disorders of the developing & newborn baby, causes unknown
A
birth defect
10
Q
NO CURE for genetic disorders & birth defects
A
11
Q
certain characteristics that increase a person’s chances of developing the disease
A
risk factors
12
Q
many diseases caused by hazards in environment.
chemicals, 2nd hand smoke, radon, asbestos,
A
diseases caused by environment
13
Q
NCD’s overriding infectious diseases & double the burden of diseases in many developing countries.
A
epidemiological
14
Q
tobacco use is increasing, diets are rapidly
changing, physical activity reduces, alcohol use increases,
obesity, hypertension are increasing in most parts of the
world, while undernutrition remains a severe issue
A
lifestyle
15
Q
sudden onset, single cause, short natural history, cure is achieved, single disciple, short follow-up
A
communicable disease
16
Q
gradual onset, multiple etiology, long natural history, care predominates, multidisciplinary, prolonged follow-up
A
non communicable disease
17
Q
60% of global deaths are due to NCD’s
A
18
Q
40% of cancer is preventable
A
80% of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes is preventable
19
Q
large part of chronic respiratory diseases is preventable
A
20
Q
4 common risk factors responsible for majority of NCD’s
A
inactivity
unhealthy diet
tobacco
alcohol
21
Q
major NCD’s have shared preventable risk factors:
A
tabacco use
unhealthy diet
physical inactivity
harmful use of alcohol
22
Q
90% of Filipinos has 1/more prevalent risk factors
A
physical inactivity 60.5%
smoking 34.8%
hypertension 22.5%
hypercholesterolemia 8.5%
overweight 20%
obesity 4.9%
diabetes 4.6%
23
Q
only 19% of national population eat fruit & vegetables more than 4 times a day
A
24
Q
recommended standard serving
A
100% eating 5 servings DAILY
25
use of tobacco for both sexes:
22% (20% in 2003)
26
current use pf tobacco for boys:
34% (27% in 2003)
27
current use of tobacco for girls:
14% (13% in 2003)
28
11% filipinos 15-74 yrs old regulary drink alcoholic beverages
29
24% filipinos 15-18 yrs olf regulary drink alcoholic beverages
30
42% filipinos 15-27 yrs old are current drinkers
31
framework for NCD prevention & control actions:
| causation pathway actions:
- environmental interventions
- lifestyle interventions
- clinical interventions
- advocacy
- research & surveeillance
- politocal & community leadership, intersectoral partnerships & community mobilization
- health systems strengthening
32
causation pathway:
UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS
- globalizations
- urbanization
- population ageing
33
causation pathway:
COMMON RISK FACTORS
- unhealthy diet
- physical inactivity
- tobacco & alcojol use
- age (non-modifiable)
- heredity (non-modifiable)
34
causation pathway:
INTERMEDIATE RISK FACTORS
- raised blood sugar
- raised blood pressure
- abnormal blood lipids
- overweight/obesity
35
causation pathway:
MAIN CHRONIC DISEASES
- heart disease
- cancer
- stroke
- chronic respiratory diseases
- diabetes
36
intervention pathway:
ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS
| macroeconomic & policy changes
- governance
- policy & legislation
- creating supportive built environments
37
intervention pathway:
LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS
- behavioral interventions
- improving the 'built' environment
- information & education
38
intervention pathway:
CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS
- clinical preventive services
- risk factor detection & control
- acute care
- chronic care & rehabilitation
- palliative care
39
#1 killer of adults in US
any condition that lessens strength/ function of heart/blood vessels
cardiovascular diseases:
HEART DISEASE
40
any condition that lessens strength/ function of heart/blood vessels
cardiovascular diseases:
HEART DISEASE
41
arteries that supply heart muscles with blood
coronary arteries
42
condition which fatty substances in blood are deposited on walls of arteries
artherosclerosis
43
fatty substances that causes artherosclerosis, some are produced by body, certain foods also contain cholesterol
cholesterol
44
hardening of arteries. slows flow of blood & is a major cause of HBP
arteriosclerosis
45
force of blood on inside walls of blood vessels
blood pressure
46
typical blood pressure for teens is 110/70
47
when blood pressure is consistently higher than normal
hypertension (high blood pressure)
48
4 factors that increases your chances of having HBP:
- eating large amount of salt
- being overweight
- feeling extreme stress for long perios of time
- having a family history of HBP
49
called 'the silent killer'
High Blood Pressure(heart disease)
50
risk factors of HBP:
not within a person's control
- age
- gender
- race
- family history
51
risk factors of HBP:
within person's control
- weight
- exercise
- diet
- tobacco
52
6 ways of treating heart disease
- heart transplant
- bypass surgery
- dissolving blood clots
- angioplasty
- medication
- changing lifestyle behaviours
53
replacing diseased heart with healthy heart from donor
heart transplant
54
removing a vein from leg and form detour around the blockage
bypass surgery
55
medications are used to dissolve the clots
dissolving blood clots
56
ways to prevent heart disease
- don't smoke
- healthy diet
- stop/reduce alcohol intake
- exercuse
- avoid stress
- keep a health weight
57
key for prevention of Hypertension:
- encourage proper nutrition
- prevent becoming overweight/obese
- smoking cessation
- indentify people at risk & encourage regular check-up
58
heart disease caused by impaired coronary blood flow
also known as ' ischemic heart disease'
coronary artery disease
59
modifiable risk factors of CAD:
- high lipid & cholesterol level in blood = high LDL
- smoking
- obesity
- physical inactivity/sedentary lifestyle
- stress
60
non-modifiable risk factors of CAD:
- hereditary/family history
- gender
- age
61
loss/alteration of bodily function that results from insufficient supply of blood to some parts of brain.
cerebrovascular disease/stroke
62
3 types of stroke:
- thrombotic
- embolic
- hemorrhagic
63
stroke that usually occurs in atherosclerotic blood vessel commonly seen in older people.
thrombotic people
64
stoke caused by a moving blood clot
usually from a thrombus in the left heart that
becomes lodged in a small artery through which it
cannot pass
embolic stroke
65
most fatal type of stroke,
rupture of intracerebral blood vessel
hemorrhagic stroke
66
risk factors of stroke:
- increasing age
- sex-women
- hereditary & race
- hypertension
- cigarette smoking
- heart disease
- high RBC count- thicken blood and make clots
- season & climate
- socio-economic factors
- certain kinds of drug abuse
67
key areas for prevention of stroke:
- Treatment and control HPN
- Smoking cessation
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Avoid intravenous drug abuse
- Prevent all other risk factors of atherosclerosis
68
develops when cells in a part of the body begin to
grow out of control. continue to grow and
divide even when there is no need to do so. Instead of
dying they outlive normal cells and continue to form new
abnormal cells. They compete with normal cells for the
blood supply and nutrients
cancer
69
travel to other parts of the body where
they begin to grow and replace normal tissue
metastasis
70
causes of cancer
- Hereditary/family history
- Carcinogens
- Polycyclic hydrocarbon
71
agent capable of causing cancer, maybe
chemical, environmental agent, radiation
carcinogens
72
chemicals found in cigarette
smoke, industrial agents and in smoked foods
polycylic hydrocarbon
73
produced when meat and fish are
charcoal broiled or smoked, also produced when food is
fried in fat that has been reused repeatedly
benzopyrene
74
powerful carcinogens used as
preservatives in foods like tocino, longganisa bacon,
hotdogs
nitrosamines
75
UV rays from sunlight, x-rays
radiation
76
found in peanuts and peanut butter
Aflatoxin
77
2nd leading cause of death in adults in the US
cancer
78
group of abnormal cells
tumors
79
Benign Tumor - are not cancerous
80
Malignant Tumor - cancerous
81
cause of cancer:
- Factors that are inherited
- Lifestyle behaviors
- Carcinogens
82
diagnosing cancer:
- Routine Physical Examination
- Blood Tests
- Biopsy
83
7 warning signs of cancer
**C**hange in bowel or bladder habits
**A** sore that does not heal
**U**nusual bleeding or discharge
**T**hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or
Difficulty swallowing
**O**bvious change in a wart or mole
**N**agging cough or hoarseness
84
treatment of cancer:
- Surgery
- Radiation
- chemotheraphy
85
Key areas for primary prevention of cancers:
- Smoking cessation
- Encourage proper nutrition
- Increase intake of dietary fibers
- Limit consumption if smoked, charcoal-broiled, salt
cured foods
- Drink alcohol beverages in moderation
- Control obesity
- Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
86
Genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of metabolic
disorder characterized by glucose intolerance with
hyperglycemia present at time of diagnosis
diabetes mellitus
87
2 types of diabetes:
type I - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
type II - non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
88
- Characterized by absolute lack of insulin due to
damaged pancreas
- Dependent of insulin injections
- Genetic, environment or maybe acquired
TYPE I
89
- More common, 90-95% of all person with diabetes
- More preventable because it is associated with
obesity and diet
- Possible cause include impaired insulin secretion and
increased hepatic glucose production
- Usually in older and overweight persons
type II
90
diabetes that develops during pregnancy and
may lead to Type II DM
gestational diabetes
91
risk factors of type II DM:
- Family history
- Overweight and obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Hypertension
92
Key areas for prevention and control of diabetes:
- Encourage proper nutrition
- Maintain body weight and prevent obesity
- Promote regular exercise
- Smoking cessation – DM patients who smoke have
higher risk of heart attack and stroke
93
- Major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide –
4th leading cause of mortality.
- It is a disease characterized by
airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
94
Causes and risk factors of COPD:
- Smoking (primary cause)
- chronic bronchitis and
emphysema
- Age
95
used in nail polish remover
Acetone
96
used in vinegar
acetic acid
97
used in food and toilet cleaners
ammonia
98
used to make rat poison
arsenic
99
used in cigarette lighter fluid
Butane
100
used on rechargeable batteries
Cadmium
101
found in exhaust fumes
Carbon monoxide
102
used to preserve dead bodies
Formaldehyde
103
used in lighter fluid
Hexamine
104
used in gas chambers
Hydrogen cyanide
105
used like gasoline
Methane
106
used to make moth balls
Naphthalene
107
used in insecticides
Nicotine
108
used as gasoline additive
Nitrobenzene
109
used as disinfectants
Nitrous oxide
110
used as insecticide
Dieldrin
111
alcohol
Ethanol
112
alcohol
Ethanol
113
used in candle wax
Stearic acid
114
used as industrial solvent
Toluene
115
used to make PVC pipe
Vinyl chloride
