Occupation theorists Flashcards
Face theory (Goffman 1955)
Politeness (Brown & Levinson 1987)
- Face-threatening act
- status
- saving/ losing face
- Positve/ negative face
Politeness principle (Lakoff)
3 Maxims
1. Don’t impose
2. Give options
3. Make your receiver feel good
Accomodation (Giles 1970s)
- Speaker adapts lang to resemble lang of those they’re talking to
- e.g. jargon with boss/ colleague or simplified lang. to colleague in lower position
- underlying psychological motivation to be liked/ approved by those around you
Exchange structure theory (Sinclair & Coulthard)
- Adjacency pairs
- three-part structures] tri-colon
- IRF
David Crystal initialisms & acronyms
- initialisms & acronyms in the workplace = linguistically economic = get work done efficiently & quickly
- especially useful in high-stress, low-time occupations (doctors > MRI)
Drew & Heritage 1993- Talk at Work
- goal orientation, turn-taking, rules-restrictions, allowable contribution, professional lexis, asymmetry
- inferential frameworks = knowledge built up overtime & used to understand meanings that are implicit
- members of disocurse community will share same inferential frameworks (inferences) = easier to communicate swiftly
- in workplace convos = always somebody with more authority/ knowledge = will have more control/ power in convo
Judith Baxter - Double voiced discourse
- women = 4 times more likely than men to be self-deprecating, use humour, speak indirectly/ apologetically when talking on difficult subjects with board members > to avoid conflict
- such lang = double voiced discourse
- used because women often heavily outnumbered on boards
Phatic talk & banter
Almut Koester 2004
* ‘banter is needed in the worklpace’
* calms atmosphere & makes customers feel more welcomed
* phatic talk also important for workers as need to establish relationships & have interactions that are NOT just about work-related topics
* being sociable in workplace = essential for effective working > employees able to support one another
Discourse community
John Swales 2011
* discourse community = members who share common set of goals
* ppl working in same discourse community used specialised lexis specific to that occupation > often share same goals > use lang to achieve those goals
* one must have a level of knowledge & skill to be considered eligible to join the community
