occupation of egypt

Question 1

When did Isma’il Pasha become governor of Egypt?

Answer 1

1863

Question 2

What did Isma’il Pasha do?

Answer 2

New hospitals and medical schools which used modern westernised medicine

Law reforms (hybrid Islamic/French legal system)

Transformation of agriculture (cotton and sugar)

Improved paved roads/bridges/railways

Question 3

What did Isma’il Pasha’s reforms cause?

Answer 3

Bankruptcy

Question 4

When did the Suez Canal open?

Answer 4

1869

Question 5

Who was the Suez Canal built by?

Answer 5

Frenchmen using Egyptian forced labours.

Question 6

How many workers died building the Suez Canal?

Answer 6

120,000

Question 7

How many miles does the Suez Canal stretch?

Answer 7

120 miles between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea

Question 8

What is the significance of the Suez Canal?

Answer 8

It improves trade routes to India- before it was 12,300 miles for Britain, with the Suez Canal it was down to 7,200 miles.

Question 9

How did Egypt’s bankruptcy affect the Suez Canal?

Answer 9

Shares in the project were made internationally available

Question 10

When did Pasha sell his 44% shares in the Suez Canal to pay debts?

Answer 10

1875

Question 11

Who bought Pasha’s shares in the Suez Canal?

Answer 11

Disraeli secretly bought them using a loan from wealthy Rothschild family without parliaments consent.

Question 12

Who owned the other 56% in the Suez Canal?

Answer 12

France

Question 13

When did Caisse De La Dette Publique form?

Answer 13

1876

Question 14

Why did Caisse De La Dette Publique form?

Answer 14

Egypt defaulted so was pressured by creditors into accepting signification external interference in financial affairs

Question 15

What did Caisse De La Dette Publique do?

Answer 15

It meant the Egyptian government needed permission of Caisse to spend the remaining revenue

Question 16

What 2 portions were Britain and France appointed in 1876?

Answer 16

Britain= Minister of Finance

France= Minister of Public Works

Question 17

When did the Ottomans and Brits depose Pasha?

Answer 17

1879

Question 18

Who replaced Pasha?

Answer 18

Tewfiq

Question 19

When was the nationalist revolt against the government of Tewfiq Pasha?

Answer 19

1882

Question 20

Who led the nationalist revolt?

Answer 20

Colonal Arabi

Question 21

Why did the nationalist revolt occur?

Answer 21

Taxes were imposed on Egyptian food and goods.

The army was reduced by two thirds

Question 22

What happened in June 1882?

Answer 22

50 Europeans were killed.

PM Gladstone sent naval forces to Alexandria to restore Tewfiq and protect European communities.

Arabi declared a war but the British commander in chief secured the Suez Canal via having British forces defeat Arabi’s forces in a battle lasting an hour.

Arabi was exiled and Tewfiq restored.

Question 23

What was Tewfiq?

Answer 23

A puppet leader

Question 24

When was the Convention of London?

Answer 24

1885

Question 25

What was the Convention of London?

Answer 25

An international loan

Question 26

What did the Convention of London secure?

Answer 26

British influence in Egypt

Major Evelyn Baring was installed as consul general and effectively ruled from behind a screen of Egyptian ministers

Question 27

What was Egypt before 1914?

Answer 27

A veiled protectorate

Question 28

Who were the directors of Caisse De La Dette Publique?

Answer 28

Britain, France, Italy, Austria and Russia