Occupation Flashcards
Who came up with the term ‘web the discourse’ ?
- Johan Swales
What is ‘web of discourse’ ?
examines the link between colleagues and how workplace language is varied, with participants making conscious decisions (e.g. convergence, divergence, amount of jargon, tone and register ). A disburse community is a group with common goal or purpose
What did John Swales theorise about discourse community ?
- membership of a discourse community (e.g. a workplace ) begins a spoken affiliation ( spoken understanding ) with colleagues who share specialist knowledge and who can converse using jargon words which could excuse non- members of that community
What is power asymmetry ?
- Language is used to assert and respect power in the workplace, this is noticeable in both verbal and written discourse
- was found in powerful discourse one recognised by those without power, and usually there is no question as to who holds more
What were Drew and Hertage main ideas
- discourse communities show inferential framework
Drew and Hertage inferential framework ?
- knowledge is built up over time and used in order to understand meaning that is implied
Drew and Hertage 6 features of workplace talk
- goal orientation
- turn taking rules
allowable contributions - professional lexis
- structure
- asymmetry
Drew and Hertage goal orientation ?
- specific tasks focused on
Drew and Hertage turn taking tules ?
- ‘unwritten’ rules that controls who speaks when
Drew and Hertage allowable contributions ?
- Restrictions on what is considerable allowable
Drew and Hertage professional lexis ?
- specialist lexis and argon
Drew and Hertage structure ?
- structure that fits the context
Drew and Hertage assymetry ?
- conversations between people with different levels of power
What is legalese ?
- language of the lawn lexicon
impact of the use of the language of the law ?
- preserves archaic terms, perhaps to respect for its processes or intimidate
Who had an influence on legal language
- Anglo Saxons created some of the language legal terms used today
e.g - brought about guilt, manslaughter, murder, oath, witness
What other languages had an influence on the law ?
- French, latin and Scandinavian influences on law
What is a key feature of the French influence ?
- adjectives follow the noun they modify.Combinations include solicitor general and court martial
5 features of legalese ?
- lengthy and complex sentences
- unusual syntax
- double negatives
repletion of meaning - archaic lexis
What are kennings ?
- A compound expression in Old English and Old Norse poetry with metaphorical meanings
Examples of kennings ?
- “notwithstanding” or “herewithin”
Examples of binomials ?
goods and chattels
Examples of latin terms ?
habeas corpus and decri nisi
What does the term Haebeas corpus mean ?
- a legal order thatvstaes that a person in prison must appear before and be judged by a court of law before he or she can be forced bt law to stay in prison
What is jargon ?
- Work based colloquial language understood by a minority depending on the institution
Benefit of jargon ?
- Enables further professionals with shared schematic knowledge to communicate information precisely and efficiently
Disadvantage / negative of jargon ?
- jargon can sometimes be used deliberately exclude the public and may be exploited to give the impression of high authority
- enforces boundaries from outsiders
What is the power of excessive language ?
- enables people to be part of discourse community, giving a form of overt prestige
Holmes and Stobbe ( 2003)
- created the concept ‘communities of practise’
What is the concept ‘communities of practise’ ?
- groups who regularly engage with each other in thee service of a joint enterprise and who share a repertoire which enables them to communicate in a kind of verbal shorthand which is often difficult for outsiders to penetrate
What part of the legal system has its own language style ?
- legal courts have its own specific ;language forms around persuasion
