Occupation

Question 1

Michael Halliday - anti language

Answer 1

Anti language and anti society are a matter of choice - ‘way of communicating within a language that excludes others’

Question 2

John swales - discourse community

Answer 2

Members share common goals; they communicate internally
-specialised lexis
-different levels of membership

Question 3

Drew and heritage - institutional talk

Answer 3

-Communication is more structured in institutional settings
-Words used purposely for different roles
-Power structures reflected through language

Question 4

Aleut koester - phatic talk and banter

Answer 4

Phatic talk is purely for social interaction e.g small talk - it is key for maintaining relationships and getting jobs done at work

Question 5

Howard Giles - accommodation theory

Answer 5

-Matching your speech pattern to someone can strengthen your social bond
-Looks at the motivations behind accommodation
-over accommodation = fake/trying to hard
-people accommodate to where they believe people are

Question 6

Vine - directives

Answer 6

People is positions of power have the right to use directives and imperatives when talking to subordinates

Question 7

Joos - spoken language styles

Answer 7

Language is in 5 categories depending on formality
- formal
-frozen
-consultative
-casual
-intimate

Question 8

Milroy- social networks

Answer 8

Focuses on the analysis of relationships, connections and patterns of interactions among social groups
- looks at how social relationships alter peoples language

Question 9

Janet Holmes - language in the workplace

Answer 9

• negotiating and turn taking
• implications for gender power dynamic

Question 10

Brown and Levinson’s - politeness theory

Answer 10

3 sociological variables which determine the degree of poutines
- social distance between speaker and listener
- relative power difference
- level of seriousness

Question 11

Grice - conversational Maxims

Answer 11

1- quantity (say enough info not too much)
2- quality (be truthful)
3- relevance (stay relevant to topic)
4- manner (be clear brief and orderly avoid ambiguity)

Question 12

Jargon

Answer 12

Specialised or technological vocab of a certain group/proffession

Question 13

Brown and Yule - language as transactional/interactional

Answer 13

Transactional- language used to exchange goods or services
Interactional - language used for socialising

Question 14

Code switching

Answer 14

People switch between codes in order to integrate themselves into the dominant group