Occupation Flashcards
What was McRae’s research in 2009 and what did it show?
Men and women in workplace meetings did not differ in their styles of speaking- both featured a relatively co-operative style, but overall it was still men who were more likely to get their points acknowledged and acted upon
Who defined discourse communities and when? What are they?
John Swales (2011)- discourse communities are communities of people who share common goals and may have shared specialist lexis. People must have a certain level of required knowledge to join the community
What was Koester’s research?
PHATIC TALK. He recognised that workers need to establish impersonal relationships and have interactions about things that aren’t work related.
What was Drew and Heritage’s research?
They suggested that members of a discourse community share inferential frameworks with each other, consisting of implicit ways of thinking, communicating and behaving. They also suggested that there are strong hierarchies of power with asymmetrical relationships marked by language use
How can power be created through language?
Negative politeness - Use of over politeness and an extremely high register turns into negative politeness, where such a distance is created between speaker and listener, that the speaker becomes cold.
Hidden directives - Police officers use these often. For example: “Can you please step out of the car, sir?” The imperative, “get out of the car,” is turned into a polite interrogative; however, you have no choice but to obey.
Prosodic and paralinguistic features - think of a headteacher: using a serious tone and having a serious expression.
What are some features of legalese?
Overly long and complicated sentences to confuse the reader, archaic lexis
