OC resit Flashcards
What is the central idea of open systems thinking?
Organizations are part of a bigger system
This perspective emphasizes the interconnections between organizations and their environments.
What does contingency theory suggest?
The best approach depends on the situation
It highlights that there is no one-size-fits-all solution in management.
What are the two types of converging change according to Tushman et al. (1988)?
Fine-tuning and incremental adaptation
These represent different approaches to making adjustments within organizations.
List the four types of change identified by Dunphy & Stace (1993).
- Fine-tuning
- Incremental adjustment
- Modular transformation
- Corporate transformation
These types represent varying scales and scopes of organizational change.
What are the five levels of environmental turbulence according to Ansoff & McDonnell (1990)?
- Predictable
- Forecastable by extrapolation
- Predictable threats and opportunities
- Partially predictable opportunities
- Unpredictable surprises
This framework helps organizations assess their external environment.
What are the three types of change described by Stacey (1996)?
- Closed change
- Contained change
- Open-ended change
These types differentiate based on the degree of uncertainty and control in the change process.
Name the types of change according to Grundy’s varieties of change (1993).
- Smooth incremental change
- Bumpy incremental change
- Discontinuous change
This classification helps in understanding the nature of change within organizations.
What are the two dimensions of change paths according to Balogun & Hope Hailey (2008)?
- Scope (incremental or big-bang)
- Scale (realignment or transformation)
These dimensions help in strategizing organizational change.
What are Plowman’s types of change (2007)?
- Continuous & Convergent
- Episodic & Convergent
- Episodic & Radical
- Continuous & Radical
This categorization reflects different patterns of change over time.
What are the stages in Greiner’s organizational life cycle (1972)?
- Growth through creativity
- Crisis of leadership
- Autonomy / delegation
- Control / coordination
- Red tape / collaboration
- ?
This model outlines the evolution of organizations through different phases.
What are the four types of change approaches identified by Dunphy & Stace (1988)?
- Collaborative
- Communicative
- Directive
- Coercive
These approaches vary in terms of employee involvement and authority.
What are the dimensions of culture? Name at least three.
- Specialization
- Standardization
- Formalization
- Centralization
- Configuration
- Traditionalism
These dimensions help in understanding the structure and behavior within organizations.
What are the phases in ANT translation?
- Problematization
- Interessement
- Enrolment
- Mobilization
These phases describe the process of translating interests and forming alliances in organizational contexts.
What are the three types of isomorphic pressures?
- Coercive
- Mimetic
- Normative
These pressures influence organizations to conform to certain norms and practices.
List three characteristics of culture.
- Innovation and risk taking
- Attention to detail
- Outcome orientation
- People orientation
- Team orientation
- Aggression
- Stability
These characteristics shape the behavior and effectiveness of organizations.
What elements are included in the cultural web model?
- Stories
- Symbols
- Power structures
- Organizational structures
- Control systems
- Rituals and routines
This model helps analyze the culture of an organization.
Define power in the context of organizations.
The option to force your will on others
Power dynamics play a crucial role in organizational behavior.
What is politics in organizational behavior?
Power in action through influencing tactics
Politics can significantly impact decision-making and leadership.
What do great man theories suggest about leadership?
Leaders are born, not made
This theory emphasizes inherent traits over learned skills.
What do trait theories propose about leadership?
People inherit certain qualities and characteristics that make them better suited for leadership
This theory focuses on identifying specific traits linked to effective leadership.
What is the focus of behavioral style theories?
A leader’s actions, not their thinking
This approach suggests that effective leadership can be learned through behavior.
What do contingency and situational theories indicate about leadership?
Variables in environment suggest appropriate leadership style
These theories stress the importance of context in leadership effectiveness.
What do relational & pro-social theories focus on?
Leadership is interrelational and co-created between people
This perspective emphasizes collaboration in leadership roles.
What is the first phase in HSMC change?
The description phase
This phase sets the foundation for understanding the current situation.
What is stage 1 of the description phase in HSMC change?
Situation summary
This stage involves summarizing the current state of affairs.
What is stage 2 of the description phase in HSMC change?
Identification of objectives and constraints
This stage clarifies goals and limitations impacting the organization.
What is stage 3 of the description phase in HSMC change?
Identification of performance measures
This stage establishes metrics for evaluating success.
What is phase 2 in HSMC change?
The options phase
This phase focuses on generating and evaluating potential solutions.
What is stage 4 of the options phase in HSMC change?
Generation of options
This stage involves brainstorming potential solutions to address identified issues.
What is stage 5 of the options phase in HSMC change?
Editing and detailing selected options
This stage refines the options generated in the previous stage.
What is stage 6 of the options phase in HSMC change?
Evaluating options against measures
This stage assesses how well each option meets the established performance measures.
What is phase 3 in HSMC change?
The implementation phase
This phase is focused on executing the chosen options.
What is stage 7 of the implementation phase in HSMC change?
Implementation
This stage involves putting the selected options into practice.
What is stage 8 of the implementation phase in HSMC change?
Consolidation
This stage ensures that changes are integrated into the organization.
