Obstructive Lung Diseases Flashcards
Describe the pathology of chronic bronchitis
Dilatation of the airways and excess mucus production
Describe the histological features of chronic bronchitis
Dilatation of the airways, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucous gland hypertrophy
State two causes of chronic bronchitis
Tobacco smoke, air pollution
State the complications associated with chronic bronchitis
Recurrent infections, chronic hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension
Describe the pathology of bronchiectasis
Dilatation of the airways and scarring
Describe the histological features of bronchiectasis
Permanent dilatation of the bronchi
Describe the clinical features of bronchiectasis
Cough, purulent sputum, fever
State the complications of bronchiectasis
Recurrent infections, haemoptysis, pulmonary hypertension, amyloidosis
Describe the pathology of asthma
Small muscle cell hyperplasia, excess mucus production, inflammation
State at least 4 acquired causes of bronchiectasis
Post-infection (usually in children), chemotherapy, obstruction, post-inflammatory (e.g. aspiration), secondary to sarcoidosis or cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA), connective tissue disorders, asthma
State at least 3 congenital causes of bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, yellow nail syndrome, Young’s syndrome
Describe the histological features of asthma
Whorls of shed epithelium (Curschman spirals), eosinophils, Charcot-Leyden crystals
Describe the pathology of emphysema
Airspace enlargement, wall destruction
State two causes of emphysema
Tobacco smoke, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Describe the histological features of emphysema
Loss of the alveolar parenchyma distal to the terminal bronchiole
