Obstructive Airway Disease

Question 1

what is cyanosis also a feature of

Answer 1

chronic bronchitis

Question 2

COPD involves

Answer 2

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 3

at which vertebral level is the carina

Answer 3

4T

Question 4

turbulent airflow through lumen is called

Answer 4

wheezing

Question 5

emphysema definition

Answer 5

abnormal enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
alveolar walls collapse easily due to pressure and loss of alveolar attachments

Question 6

asthma triad

Answer 6

airway inflammation
airway hyper responsiveness
reversible airflow obstruction

Question 7

AHR definition

Answer 7

twitchy airways due to inflammation - constrict abnormally in response to stimuli

Question 8

nature of airway inflammation in asthma

Answer 8

eosinophilic

Question 9

nature of inflammation in chronic bronchitis

Answer 9

neutrophilic

Question 10

dynamic evolution of asthma

Answer 10

bronchoconstriction (brief symptoms)
chronic airway inflammation (exacerbations, AHR)
airway remodelling - inflammatory process lays down collagen which is irreversible and causes fixed airway obstruction.

Question 11

3 hallmarks of airway remodelling in asthma

Answer 11

basement membrane thickening
collagen deposition in submucosa
smooth muscle hypertrophy

Question 12

desquamation definition

Answer 12

shedding of outermost layer of airway epithelium - allowing eosinophils to infiltrate in asthma

Question 13

drugs that restore normal mucosal architecture in asthma

Answer 13

inhaled corticosteroids

Question 14

what effect does asthma have on forced expiratory ration

Answer 14

reduced

Question 15

which cytotoxic T cells involved in inflammatory cascade in COPD

Answer 15

CD8+

Question 16

mucus hyper section in COPD is associated with

Answer 16

chronic bronchitis