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Respiratory Rosa > Anatomy of Coughing > Flashcards

Anatomy of Coughing Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained in the carotid sheath

A

Jugular vein, common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and CNX

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2
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Anterior rami of C3, 4 and 5

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3
Q

Muscles of normal inspiration

A

Internal intercostal, external intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles

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4
Q

Intercostal nerves

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11

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5
Q

Accessory muscles of deep inspiration

A

Sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major and minor

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6
Q

How does the pectorals major move the ribs

A

Upwards and outwards

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7
Q

What position must the body be in for the pectoralis major to work during deep inspiration?

A

Upper limb position is fixed

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8
Q

Where does the pectoralis major attach?

A

between sternum/ribs and humerus

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9
Q

how does the pectoralis minor move the ribs

A

moves them superiorly towards coracoid process pf scapula

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10
Q

where do the scalenus muscles attach

A

between C vertebrae and ribs 1 and 2

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11
Q

which nerve controls the rima glottidis

A

CNX

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12
Q

what type of muscle is the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

skeletal (voluntary) muscle

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13
Q

where does CNX exit the skull

A

jugular foramen

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14
Q

where does the CNX arise

A

medulla oblongata of brainstem

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15
Q

How is intra-abdominal pressure built up and what does it do

A

By contract of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (intercostal nerves)
Pushes the diaphragm superiorly

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16
Q

what are the muscles of deep expiration

A

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

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17
Q

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles include

A 
rectus abdominus (6 pack)
external obliques 
internal obliques 
transverse abdominus
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18
Q

what is an aponeurosis

A

a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in sheet like muscles with a wide area of attachment

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19
Q

where do the aponeuroses of the right and left obliques and transverse abdominus blend

A

midline linea alba

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20
Q

where do muscle fibres end and aponeuroses begin

A

linea semilunaris

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21
Q

where does external oblique attach superiorly

A

superficial aspects of lower ribs

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22
Q

where does external oblique attach inferiorly

A

anterior part of iliac crest and pubic tubercle

23
Q

where does internal oblique attach superiorly

A

inferior border of lower ribs

24
Q

where does internal oblique attach inferiorly

A

iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia of lower back

25
Q

where does transversus abdominus attach superiorly

A

deep aspects of lower ribs

26
Q

where does transversus abdominus attach inferiorly

A

iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia of lower back

27
Q

where does the rectus abdominus attach superiorly

A

xiphoid process and costal margin

28
Q

rectus sheath

A

formed by the 3 layers aponeuroses

contains the rectus abdominus

29
Q

nerves of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

thoracoabdominal nerves
subcostal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve

30
Q

thoracoabdominal nerves

A

anterior rami of T7-T11

31
Q

subcostal nerve

A

anterior rami of T12

32
Q

iliohypogastric and

ilioinguinal nerve

A

both halves of anterior rami of L1

33
Q

gap between lung and parietal pleura in small pneumothorax

A

< 2cm

34
Q

which intercostal space is needle inserted into to manage a large pneumothorax

A

mid portion of 4th or 5th intercostal space

35
Q

what borders the safe triangle

A

pectoralis major
anterior border of latissimus dorsi
posterior border of pectoralis major

36
Q

which intercostal space is needle inserted into to manage a tension pneumothorax in an emergency

A

2nd or 3rd intercostal space in midclavicular line at sternal angle (rib 2 level)

37
Q

herniae definiton

A

any structure passing through another, so ending up in the wrong place

38
Q

two factors required for herniae development

A

weakness of one structure - commonly a body wall - and increased pressure on one side of said wall e.g. chronic cough

39
Q

herniae in which the herniated part of stomach is parallel to oesophagus

A

paraoesophageal hiatus herniae

40
Q

herniae in which the herniated part of stomach is slides through the oesophageal hiatus into the chest with the gastro-oesophageal junction

A

sliding hiatus herniae

41
Q

inguinal ligaments attach between

A

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) and pubic tubercle

42
Q

floors of inguinal canals formed by

A

medial halves of inguinal ligaments

43
Q

what forms the inferior border of the external oblique aponeuroses

A

inguinal ligaments

44
Q

entrance to inguinal canal

A

deep ring

45
Q

exit from inguinal canal

A

superficial ring - v shaped defect in external oblique aponeuroses

46
Q

where do inguinal herniae form

A

medial half of the inguinal region

47
Q

weakness and increased pressure factors in inguinal herniae

A

weakness - presence of inguinal canal

increased pressure - intra-abdominal pressure due to chronic cough

48
Q

what facilitates the descent of the teste into the scrotum

A

gubernaculum

49
Q

how are the internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles anchored to the pubic bone

A

conjoint tendon - medial end of their combined aponeuroses

50
Q

covering of transversalis fascia forms

A

internal spermatic fascia

51
Q

covering of skeletal muscle fibres from internal oblique forms

A

cremasteric fascia

52
Q

covering of external oblique aponeurosis forms

A

external spermatic fascia

53
Q

spermatic cord contents

A

vas deferens, testicular artery and pampiniform plexus

Respiratory Rosa (8 decks)

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