Obstetrics Terms & Abbreviations Flashcards
discomfort caused by the contracting uterus after the infants birth.
afterpains
long-term process that begins during pregnancy and intensifies during the postpartum period that establishes an enduring bond between parent and child and develops through reciprocal ( parents to child and child to parent) behaviors
attachment
rapid process of attachment, parent to infant, that takes place during the sensitive period the first 30 to 60 minutes after birth.
bonding
Process whereby family identifies the infant’s likeness to and differences from family members. And the infants unique qualities.
claiming process
Yellowish breast fluid rich in antibodies and high in protein
colostrum
Abnormal stimulation of the clotting mechanism causing small clots throughout the vascular system and widespread bleeding internally, externally or both.
disseminated intravascular coagulation
Painful intercourse
Dyspareunia
distention and swelling of the breasts in the first few days following delivery
engorgement
parents’ intense interest in and preoccupation with the newborn.
engrossment
Infants ability to move in rhythm to the parents voices
Entrainment
Return of the reproductive organs, especially the uterus, to their prepregnancy size and condition.
Involution
neurohormonal reflex that causes milk to be expressed from the alveoli into the lactiferous ducts
let- down reflex
Uterine/ vaginal discharge after childbirth; initially bright red, then changing to a pink or pinkish brown. Then to a yellowish white
lochia
Inflammation of the breast , generally during breast feeding.
mastitis
Infammation of the uterus, including the endometrium and parametrium
Metritis
Newborn from birth to 28 days of life
Neonate
It is inflammation of the ovary
Oophoritis
Mild transient condition of emotional liability and crying for no apparent reason, which affects up to 80% of women who have just given birth and lasts about 2 weeks
Postpartum blues
Condition similar to postpartum blues but which is more serious, intense and persistent.
Postpartum Depression
Blood loss of more than 500ml after the third stage of labor or 1,000 mL following a cesarean birth
Postpartum hemorrhage
condition more severe than postpartum depression and characterized by delusion and thoughts of self-harm or infant harm.
postpartum psychosis
Infection following childbirth occurring between the birth and 6 weeks postpartum.
puerperal (postpartum) infection
It is Inflammation of the fallopian tube
Salpingitis
imcoplete return of the uterus to its prepregant size and consistency
Subinvolution
Formation of a clot due to an inflammation in the wall of the vessel.
Thrombophlebitis
1. While assessing the postpartum client, the nurse makes the following findings. Which of these findings would not be expected during the first 24 hours after delivery? A. Diaphoresis B. Bradycardia C. Positive homans sign D. Temperature of 99.8f
c
- The nursing student is caring for a 39-year old client who has given birth to her first baby. The student tells her instructor that the mother seems a little anxious and unsure of herself with her infant. She ask for help with infact care. The instructor reminds the student that this is
A. Typical behavior for an older mother
B. Part of the taking-hold phase for the mother
C. A sign that the client is still in the taking in phase
D. An indication of the mothers having a problem relating to her infant.
b
- The nurse is assessing the postpartum client 2 days after delivery. The nurse notes that the fundus is firm , 2cm below the umbilicus, she has lochia rubra with occasional small clots and some edema of the perineum the nurse will
A. Chart normal findings
B. Medicate for uterine atony
C. Note signs of puerperal infection
D. Alert the CNM/Physion to possible subinvolution
a
- The postpartum client is predisposed to urinary tract infection by all except which of the following factors?
A. Urinary stasis after birth
B. Trauma to the bladder and urethra
C. Catheterization during labor or surgery
D. Voiding every 2 hours after delivery
d
- A new mother is breast feeding her infant. At 3 days postpartum , she tells you her breasts are enlarged, warm and tender. She also tingling or burning sensation in her nipples and a lowgrade fever. The nurse advise the mother to;
A. Use breast pump to increase her comfort
B. Discontinue bbreastfeeding the notify her CNM/physian
C. Continue nursing the infant because these are expected changes
D. Supplement the infant with formula until her breasts return to normal size
b
6. A behavior indicating that a toddler is adapting to a new infant in the home is A . Thumb sucking B. Bed wetting C. Hostillity. D. Independence
c
7. The clients lochia is pinkish brown, this is called A. Lochia rubra B. Lochia serosa C. Lochia alba D. Lochia drainage
b
8. A laceration though the skin, mucous membrane, muscle and rectal sphincter is considered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ degree A. First B. Second C. Third D. Fourth
c
9. Oxytocin causes A. Tingling and burning B. Milk expression C. Increased glucose levels D. Ovulation
a
10. A mother who care lovingly for her infant but is unable to feel love is experiencing \_\_\_\_\_\_ postpartum depression A. Mild B. Moderate C. Severe D. Transient
d
- CNM
certified nurse midwife
- DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
- DVT:
deep vien thrombosis
- hCG:
human chorionic gonadotropin
- hPL
human placental lactogen
- MSH
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- PCA
patient –controlled analgesia
- PPD
postpartum depression
- RhoGAM
Rh immune globulin
- UTI
urinary tract infection
Blue colouring of the hands and feet
Acrocyanosis
Infant’s weight falls between the 90th & 10th percentile for gestational age
Appropriate for gestational age
Edema of the newborn’s scalp that is present at birth, may cross suture lines, and is caused by head compression against cervix
Caput succedaneum
Collection of blood between the periosteum and the skull of a newborn; appears several hours to a day after birth, does not cross suture lines, and is caused by the rupturing of the periosteal bridging veins due to friction and pressure during labour and delivery.
Cephalhematoma
Surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin) that covers the glans penis
Circumcision
Excessive heat loss
Cold Stress
Loss of heat by direct contact with a cooler object
Conduction
Loss of heat by movement of air
Convection
Failure of one or both testes to descend
Cryptorchidism
Congenital chromosomal abnormality; also called trisomy 21
Down Syndrome
The placement of the urinary meatus on the top of the penis
Epispadias
Small, whitish yellow epithelial cysts found on the hard palate.
Epstein’s Pearl
Pink rash with firm, yellow-white papules or pustules found on the chest, abdomen, back, and/or buttocks of a newborn.
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
Loss of heat when water is changed to vapor
Evaporation
Watery first milk from the breast, high in lactose, like skim milk, and effective in quenching thirst
Foremilk
Placement of the greater toe farther from the other toes.
Hallux Varus
Follows foremilk; is higher in fat content, leading to weight gain; and is more satisfying.
Hindmilk
Fluid around the testes in the scrotum
Hydrocele
Excess of bilirubin in the blood
Hyperbilirubinemia
Placement of the urinary meatus on the underside of the penis
Hypospadias
Severe neurological damage resulting from a high level of bilirubin (jaundice)
Kernicterus
Fine, downy hair covering the fetus’s body.
Lanugo
Infant’s weight falls above the 90th percentile for gestational age
Large for gestational age
First bowel movement of a newborn
Meconium
Saclike protusion along the vertebral column filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Meningocele
White, pinhead-size distended sebaceous glands on the cheeks, nose, and chin
Milia
Shaping of the fetal head to adapt to the mother’s pelvis during labor
Molding
Large patches of bluish skin in the buttocks of dark-skinned infants.
Mongolian Spots
Saclike protusion along the vertebral column filled with cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, nerve roots, and spinal cord
Myelomengocele
first few hours after birth wherein the newborn makes changes to and stabilizes respiratory and circulatory functions
Neonatal transition
Environment in which the newborn can maintain internal body temperature with minimal oxygen consumption and metabolism
Neutral thermal environment
Large reddish purple birthmark usually found on the face or neck that does not blanch with pressure
Nevus flammeus
Metabolism of brown fat; process unique to the newborn
Nevus Vascularis
Inflammation of the newborns eyes that results from passing through the birth canal when a gonorrheal or chlamydial infection is present
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Metabolism of brown fat; process unique to the newborn
Nonshivering thermogenesis-
Conditioning wherein the opening in the foreskin is so small that it cannot be pulled back over the glans
Phimosis
Blood-tinged mucous discharge from the vagina of a newborn, caused by the withdrawal of maternal hormones
Pseudomenstruation
Loss of heat by transfer to cooler object, but not through direct contact
Radiation
Infant’s weight falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age
Small for gestational age
Failure of the vertebral arch to close
Spina Bifida Occulta
Fusion of two or more toes
Syndactyly
Congenital deformity in which the foot and the ankle are twisted inward and cannot be moved to a midline position; also known as club foot
Talipes equinovarus
Birthmarks of dilated capillaries that blanch with pressure; also called storkbites
Telangiectactic Nevi
Production of heat
Thermogenesis
Maintenance of body temperature
Thermoregulation
White, creamy substance covering a fetus’s body
Vernix Caseosa
Whitish fluid secreted by a newborn’s nipples
Witch’s Milk
1) A newborn has had difficulty maintaining its temperature within a normal range. The nurse recognizes that this can predispose the infant to? A) Cold Stress B) Hyperglycemia C) Metabolic alkalosis D) De-thermoregulation
a
2) Which of the following physical assessment findings would the nurse observe in the preterm newborn with a gestational age 35 weeks?
A) Little or no lanugo
B) Undescended testes
C) Square window sign of 0 degrees
D) Creases on the anterior two-thirds of the sole
b
3) A nurse is caring for a new mother and an infant. The nurse suspects transient tachypnea of the newborn because the infant is observed to have?
A) Grade 0 on the Silverman-Anderson index
B) Respiratory distress noted immediately after birth
C) Nasal flaring and a high respiratory rate several hours after birth
D) An irregular respiratory rate between 30 and 40 breaths per minute
c
4) The nurse is caring for a new mother and infant after delivery. To facilitate mother-infant bonding and help initiate breastfeeding, the nurse will?
A) Allow the infant to get hungry before beginning to breastfeed
B) Leave the infant with its mother during the first period of reactivity
C) Wait until the mother is fully rested after delivery to give her the infant
D) Encourage mother-infant contact while the infant is in the active alert state
b
5) The nursing instructor reminds the student to keep the newborn away from the cold window in the mother`s room. This intervention will avoid heat loss in the newborn through A) Radiation B) Convection C) Conduction D) Evaporation
a
6) When an infant has non-shivering thermogenesis, it has? A) Adequately raised its temperature B) Effectively increased its metabolism C) Now begun to metabolize brown fat D) Maintained heat retention
c
7) A cold stethoscope is placed on an infant. The infant will have heat loss due to? A) Radiation B) Convection C) Conduction D) Evaporation
c
8) Bleeding from the cord is noted. The nurse should
A) Observe the cord bleeding for changes
B) Check the clamp & apply a second clamp on the body side of the first one
C) Clean the cord
D) Check the clamp & apply a second clamp toward the outside of the first one
b
9) Breast milk that has a higher fat content is called? A) Hindmilk B) Foremilk C) Colostrum D) Nutramigen
a
AGA
Appropriate for Gestational Age
CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
FAS
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
IDM
Infant of a Diabetic Mother
ISAM
Infant of a substance abusing mother
LGA
Large for Gestational Age
PKU
Phenylketonuria
RDS
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
REM
Rapid Eye Movement
SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
SGA
Small for Gestational Age
TTN
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Peak of contraction
acme
artificial rupture of the membranes
Amniotomy
stimulation of the uterine contractions after spontaneously beginning but having unsatisfactory progress of labor
Augmentation of labor
Expulsion of cervical secretions, blood-tinged mucus, and the mucous plug that blocked the cervix during pregnancy
bloody show
Irregular, intermittent contractions felt by the pregnant woman towards the end of pregnancy
Braxton-Hicks contractions
Condition in which the fetal head will not fit through the mothers pelvis
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Enlargement of the cervical opening from 0 to 10 cm ( complete dilation)
Cervical Dilation
When the largest diameter of the fetal head is past the vulva
Crowning
Decreasing intensity of a contraction
Decrement
Length of one contraction, from the beginning of the increment to the conclusion of the decrement
Duration
Labor with problems of the contractions or of maternal bearing down
Dysfunctional labor
Long, difficult, or abnormal labor caused by any of the four major variables (4Ps) that affect labor
Dystocia
Thinning of the cervix
effacement
Condition of the widest diameter of the fetal presenting part (head) entering the inlet to the true pelvis
engagement
incision in the perineum to facilitate passage of the baby
Episiotomy
manipulation of the fetus through the mothers abdomen to a presentation facilitating birth
External version
Contractions that do not cause the cervix to dilate
False labor
Spontaneous, involuntary urge to bear down during labor
Fergusons Reflex
Membranous area where sutures meet on the fetal skull
Fontanelle
Time from beginning od one contraction to the beginning of the next contraction
Frequency
Top of the uterus
Fundus
Stimulation of uterine contractions before contractions begin spontaneously for the purpose of birthing an infant
Induction of labor
Strength of the contraction at the acme
Intensity
Resting period between two contractions
Interval
descent of the fetus into the pelvis, causing the uterus to tip forward, relieving pressure on the diaphragm
Lightening-
shaping of the fetal head to adapt to mothers pelvis during labor
Molding
Part of the fetus in contact with the cervix
Presenting part
birth that takes place before the end of the 37th week of gestation
Preterm birth
Condition in which the umbilical cord lies below the presenting part of the fetus
Prolapsed cord
rupture of the amnionic sac
Rupture of membranes
Thin fibrous membrane- covered space between skull bones.
Suture
4 Ps
PASSAGE, PASSENGER, POWERS, PSYCHE
AROM
ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
CPD
CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION
FHR
FETAL HEART RATE
LDRP
LABOR, DELIVERY, RECOVERY, POSTPARTUM
SROM
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
VBAC
VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN
THE FETUS OF A LABORING CLIENT IS NOTED TO BE MACROSOMIC. THE NURSE REALIZES THAT THIS MAY PREDISPOSE THIS CLIENT TO A LONGER MORE, DIFFICULT LABOR KNOWN AS:
A) DYSTOCIA
B) HYPERTONIA
C) UTERINE INERTIA
D) DYSFUNCTIONAL LABOR
a
THE NURSE IS CARING FOR A LABORING CLIENT WHO WILL BE HAVING AN ANMIOTOMY. THE FIRST NURSING ACTION FOLLOWING THIS PROCEDURE WILL BE TO
A) TEST THE FLUID WITH NITRAZINE PAPER
B) ASSESS THE FETAL HEART RATE FOR 1 MINUTE
C) ASSESS THE MOTHERS VITAL SIGNS AND LEVEL OF COMFORT
D) PERFORM A VAGINAL EXAM TO DETERMINE THE DILATION AND EFFACEMENT
b
A CLIENT IIN LABOR IS USING BREATHING TECHNIQUES TO DEAL WITH THE DISCOMFORT. THE CLIENT IS USING SLOW, DEEP CHEST BRETHING, WHICH IS NO LONGER EFFECTIVE TO DEAL WITH THE PAIN OF HER CONTRACTIONS. THE NURSE WILL ADVISE THIS CLIENT TO A) TAKE DEMORAL IM B) TRY PANT-BLOW TECHNIQUE C) USE RELAXATION TECHNIQUES D) ADVANCE TO SHALLOW BREATHING
d
A NURSE CARING FOR A CLIENT IN LABOR IDENTIFIES A PROLAPSED CORD OCCURING WITH THE SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS WILL THE NURSE UTILIZE WITH THIS CLIENT A) SUPINE B) LITHOTOMY C) MODIFIED SIMS D) REVERSE TRENDELENBURG
c
THE RISKS TO THE FETUS IN A BREECH DELIVERY INCLUDE ALL BUT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING A) FLUID ASPIRATION B) PRECIPITATE BIRTH C) CORD COMPRESSION D) HEAD BECOMING STUCK
b
THE NURSE IS MONITORING OXYTOCIN AUGMENTATION WITH A CLIENT WHOSE MEMBRANES HAVE RUPTURED BUT WHO EXHIBITED POOR LABOR PROGRESS. FOR THIS CLIENT, THE GOAL FOR OXYTOCIN ADMINISTRATION IS TO PROMOTE
A) CEVRICAL RIPENING
B) HYPTONIC UTERINE CONTRACTIONS
C) CONTRACTIONS EVERY 2 TO 3 MINUTES, 45 TO 60 SECONDS IN LENGTH, OF MODERATE INTESITY
D) CONTRACTIONS LASTING 90 SECONDS WITH A UTERINE RESTING TONE OF ATLEAST 20 MM HG
c
WHEN IS LABOR INDUCED AFTER MEMBRANE RUPTURE WITH A NEAR-TERM PREGNANCY A) 6-12 HOURS B) 12-24 HOURS C) 24- 36 HOURS D) 36-48 HOURS
b
THE POSITION THAT IMPROVES LABOR PROGRESSION IS A) PRONE B) SUPINE C) SIDE-LYING D) DORSAL RECUMBANT
c
THE CLIENT IS ALERT AND TALKATIVE AND THE CERVIX IS DILATED 3 CM. THE CLIENT IS IN THE\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ PHASE A) LATENT B) ACTIVE C) TRANSITION D) FOCUSING
a
WHICH MECHANISM OF LABOR GENERALLY OCCURS DURING THE FIRST STAGE? A) INTERNAL ROTATION B) EXPULSION C) EXTENSION D) FLEXION
d
Termination of pregnancy before viability of the fetus, usually 24 weeks.
abortion
Premature separation, from the wall of the uterus, of normally implanted placenta.
Abruptio placenta
Withdrawal of amniotic fluid to obtain a sample for specimen examination.
Amniocentesis
Reduction in fetal heart rate that begins early with the contraction and virtually mirrors the uterine contraction.
Early deceleration
Convulsion occurring in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Eclampsia
Pregnancy where the fertilized ovum is implanted outside the uterine cavity.
Ectopic pregnancy
Normal blood glucose level.
Euglycemia
Pregnancy-induced hypertension with liver damage characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.
HELLP syndrome
Abnormality of the placenta wherein the chorionic villi become fluid-filled, grapelike clusters; the trophoblastic tissue proliferates; and there is no viable fetus.
Hydatidiform mole
Excess amount of amniotic fluid.
Hydramnios
Excessive vomiting during pregnancy.
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Descriptor when the cervix begins to dilate, usually during the second trimester.
Incompetent cervix
Severe neurological damage resulting from a high level of bilirubin (jaundice).
Kernicterus
Reduction in fetal heart rate that begins after the uterus has begun contraction and increases to the baseline level after the uterine contraction has ceased.
Late deceleration
Excessive fetal growth characterized by a fetus weighing more than 4000g (8.8 lbs)
Macrosomia
Spontaneous abortion.
Miscarriage
Deficiency in the amount of amniotic fluid.
Oligohydramnios
Condition in which the placenta forms over or very near the internal cervicalos.
Placenta Previa
Phase of pregnancy-induced hypertension prior to convulsions.
Preeclampsia
Process of stopping labour with medications.
Tocolysis
Reduction in fetal heart rate that has no relationship to contractions of the uterus.
Variable deceleration
CST
Contraction Stress Test
D&C
Dilation & Curettage
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
EDB
Estimated Date of Birth
EFM
Electronic Fetal Monitoring
FAST
Fetal Acoustic Stimulation Test
FHR
Fetal Heart Rate
GDM
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
HCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
HELLP
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count
MgSO4
Magnesium sulfate
NST
Non-Stress Test
PIH
Pregnancy Induced Hypetension
PKU
Phenylketonuria
RhoGam
Rh Immune Globulin
TORCH
Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes virus type 2
VST
Vibroacoustic Stimulation Test
You have been assigned to care for a client who is suspected of having HELLP syndrome as a result of PIH. You recall that this indicates your client may have all but which of the following complications?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Lysing of red blood cells
c. Decreased platelets
d. Increased liver enzymes
Answer: a. Hyperglycemia
The nurse is caring for a client with PIH who is receiving MgSO4, a central nervous system depressant. To counteract respiratory depression that may occur with this medication, the nurse will be present to administer:
a. Narcan
b. Apresoline
c. Epinephrine
d. Calcium gluconate
Answer: d. Calcium gluconate
The nurse is caring for a client who is a 31-year-old multigravida diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Because of the effects of this disorder on the pregnancy, the nurse would anticipate a finding of:
a. Macrosomia
b. Hyproreflexia
c. Oligohydramnios
d. Peripheral edema
Answer: a. Macrosomia
The student is observe a fetal biophysical profile on her client, who is 35 weeks pregnant. The student recalls that his test should demonstrate fetal breathing and movement, fetal tone, amniotic fluid pockets, and:
a. A negative CST
b. A reactive NST
c. A negative Coomb’s test
d. Mild uterine contractions
Answer: b. A reactive NST
The nurse is caring for a client in active labor. The fetus is in a cephalic presentation at +2 station. With each contraction, the fetal heart rate is dropping after the acme of the contraction before returning to its baseline rate. The nurse determines that these are late decelerations caused by:
a. Head compression
b. Breech presentation
c. Uteroplacental insufficiency
d. Umbilical cord compression
Answer: c. Uteroplacental insufficiency
A nurse is performing an assessment on a client who is 33 weeks pregnant with diagnosis of placenta previa. Which of the following findings will the nurse anticipate?
a. Painless bleeding
b. Abdominal rigidity
c. Uterine tenderness
d. Bright red bleeding
Answer: a. Painless bleeding
A general high-risk factor in pregnancy is that the client:
a. Has diabetes
b. Has had preeclampsia
c. Has had a Cesarean birth
d. Is unmarried
Answer: d. is unmarried.
The time of quickening is:
a. 8 – 12 weeks
b. 12 – 16 weeks
c. 16 – 20 weeks
d. 20 – 24 weeks
Answer: c. 16 – 20 weeks
When habitual abortions are caused by an incompetent cervix, it can be treated by:
a. A D&C
b. Cerclage
c. A salpingectomy
d. Induction of labor
Answer: b. Cerclage
In an attempt to accelerate fetal lung maturity, a drug such as _______ may be given to the mother.
a. Betamethason
b. Heparin
c. Methotrexate
d. Magnesium sulfate
Answer: a. Betamethasone
