Obstetrics random

Question 1

Changes in pregnancy

- airway, breathing, CVS, haem, GIT, renal, MSK, breast

Answer 1

Airway - increased oedema and aspiration risk, reduced airway size
Breathing - increased TV and O2 consumption, decreased RV and TLC, respiratory alkalosis
Cardiovascular - increased HR and CO, decreased BP, ECG changes
Haematological - increased blood volume, RBC mass and WCC, decreased Hb (dilutional), hyper coagulable
GIT - GORD, increased metabolic rate, decreased albumin, morning sickness
Renal - increased GFR, urination, decreased creatinine and urea, hydronephrosis
MSK - increased pubic symphysis, ligament laxity, reduced gait stability, oedema
Breasts - tender, increased size, glandular proliferation

Question 2

amniotic fluid

- composition and function

Answer 2

composition:
- early 99% weather from maternal plasma
- week 16 onwards kidneys function; foetal urine

function :
- baby swallows fluid
contributes to meconium and development of the GIT
- cushions against blows to mother’s abdomen

Question 3

oligohydramnios

- etiology and complications

Answer 3

etiology

• placental insufficiency
• renal genesis
• pre term ROM

complications

• sign of foetal growth restriction
• pulmonary hypoplasia and neonatal respiratory distress
• physical deformity
• cord compression during contractions - foetal asphyxia

Question 4

polyhydramnios

- etiology and complications

Answer 4

etiology

• diabetes
• multiple pregnancy
• congenital abnormality: oesophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, hydrocephaly

complications

• cord prolapse
• placental abruption (sudden release of fluid)
• PPH (over distention of uterus)