Obstetrics- lect. 3

Question 1

What is the difference between primary and secondary inertia in a multitocous (litter bearing) species?

Answer 1

primary: “failure to progress to point of complete dilation of cervix BUT a dilated cervix with a heifer that isn’t pushing is still considered primary.
-myometrial defects
-Biochemical deficiencies:
- Ca2+ or glucose
deficient or excessive amniotic fluid

Secondary inertia: consequence of another cause of dystocia - metabolic exhaustion! ex. in litter bearing species they may be wore out after the have expelled at least 1 fetus

Question 2

What is Ferguson’s reflex?

Answer 2

Is when a specific part (the cervix and vaginal wall) of the birth canal releases oxytocin thus stimulating the abdominal contractions that are responsible for passing the fetus out the cervix and vagina

Question 3

What are the three “P’s” of obstetrics?

Answer 3

Presentation
Position
Posture

Question 4

What is an ecbolic? When would you use them? What are examples of them?

Answer 4

oxytocin, cloprostenol (prostaglandin)
Causes uterus to contract
Be cautious of using oxytocin in species with cartilaginous cervixes

Question 5

What is a tocolytic? When would you use them? What are examples of them?

Answer 5

tocolytics are sympathomimetics
ex: epinephrine, clenbuterol (beta-2 agonist), terbutaline- SA

Question 6

What are the advantages of performing epidural anesthesia in a large animal patient?

Answer 6

it stops abdominal straining and reduces pain

Question 7

What are the disadvantages of performing epidural anesthesia in a large animal patient?

Answer 7

patient may end up in lateral recumbancy if they are overdosed which may complicate your ability to correct the positioning of the fetus

Question 8

What are the indications for a fetotomy in a cow?

Answer 8

if a vaginal delivery is not possible because the dead fetus is too big for delivery (fetal anasarca i.e generalized fetal body edema), arthrogryposis

Question 9

What are the indications that a C-section should be performed in a cow?

Answer 9

uterine torsion, hardwear disease

Question 10

What is the difference between 2 and 3 point traction?

Answer 10

2 point: you have traction on two legs
3 point: you have traction of two legs and the head.
- use of head snare or chain in calves mouth and behind the ears

Question 11

What is the difference between the fetotome being half or fully threaded?

Question 12

What type of fetotome would you use to remove a body part in a normal postured oversize fetus?

Question 13

What type of fetotome would you use to remove a body part in an oversided fetus with abnormal posture?

Question 14

Define position in regards to fetal orientation

Answer 14

its the relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the dam

Question 15

What does cranial longitudinal mean?

Answer 15

head first

in regards to presentation

Question 16

What does caudal presentation mean?

Answer 16

butt first in regards to presentation

Question 17

Define dorsal transverse positioning is

Answer 17

it is when the back bone is trying to come out first

Question 18

Define ventral transverse positioning

Answer 18

when the four legs are trying to come out at the same time

Question 19

Define Position in regards to fetal orientation

Answer 19

it is the surface of the maternal birth canal to which the fetal vertebral column is applied

Question 20

Define Dorso sacral positioning in regards to fetal orientation

Answer 20

the dorsum of the foal is pressed up against the sacrum of the dam

Question 21

Define dorso pubic positioning in regards to fetal orientation

Answer 21

foal is essentially upside down

Question 22

If a fetus is rotated left or right within the womb, how would describe it?

Answer 22

Dorsoilial right or dorsoilal left

Question 23

What animals can you use Clenbuterol in?

Answer 23

can use orally in horses but it is illegal to use in food animals in the U.S

clenbuterol is a beta 2 agonist

Question 24

When should I use a Tocolytic?

Answer 24

when you need the uterus to relax
this is helpful if you need to reposition the fetus

Question 25

When should Terbutaline (tocolytic) be given in dogs?

Answer 25

dogs that are in premature labor

Question 26

What is the dose of epinephrine to use in cattle as a tocolytic?

Answer 26

1 ml/45kgs (100 pounds) give diluted if IV. can also give IM