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Therio > Male Anatomy + Phys - Whitler lect. 1 > Flashcards

Male Anatomy + Phys - Whitler lect. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it significant that the mediastinum testes can be easily evaluated via ultrasound?

A

it is fairly pathognomonic for the testis therefore it allows us to differentiate it from a LN

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2
Q

What is the mediastinum testis?

A

it is the connective tissue in the center of the testis
(on US it is a echogenic band running across the testis on a sagittal US scan)

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3
Q

What is the role of Sertoli Cells?

A

control spermatozoa development
(they are considered a part of the testicular parenchyma)

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4
Q

What acts on sertoli cells to maintain spermatogenesis?

A

FSH

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5
Q

What do Sertoli cells secrete?

A

Inhibin: which is involved in (-) feedback of FSH secretion

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6
Q

What cells produce testosterone?

A

leydig cells

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7
Q

What cells are considered. part of the testicular parenchyma?

A

sertoli cells
leydig cells
germ cells

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8
Q

Where is the only sperm capable of fertilization located?

A

in the epididymis

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9
Q

What is an anatomical remnant that is useful for finding a retained testicle?

A

Gubernaculum testis

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10
Q

What is responsible for testicular descent?

A

gubernaculum testes

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11
Q

The gubernaculum testis eventually degenerates and turns into what?

A

-the proper ligament of the testis
-the ligament of the tail of the epididymis
-the scrotal ligament

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12
Q

What ligament connects the tail of the epididymis to the testicle?

A

The proper ligament of the testicle

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13
Q

What structures does the scrotal ligament attach?

A

the parietal tunic to the scrotum

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14
Q

What does the Ligament of the tail of epididymis connect?

A

the tail of the epididymis to the parietal tunic

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15
Q

LO: Where can you harvest semen from an animal that is recently deceased?

A

in the body (corpus) and tail (cauda) of the epididymis

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16
Q

LO: What are the four accessory sex glands that can be found in domestic species?

A

ampullae
prostate
bulbourethral glands
vesicular glands

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17
Q

What produces the gel component in the stallion?

A

the vesicular glands

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18
Q

What produces the gel component in the boar?

A

bulbourethral gland

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19
Q

What animal has the largest bulbourethral gland?

A

boar

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20
Q

What species have a sigmoid flexure?

A

ruminants, boars, camelids

21
Q

What is the role of the corpus cavernosum?

A

it essentially fills with blood and is associated with an erection
it is located above the c. spongiosum

22
Q

What is the role + location of the corpus spongiosum?

A

surrounds the urethra and “buffers” the compression from the c. cavernosum so that semen can be ejaculated

23
Q

What species have a retractor penis muscle?

A

boar, ruminants and camelids and horses

24
Q

What species has a bulbus glandis?

A

dogs- they also have an Os penis

25
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

it provides counter-current heat exchange
it is an artery surrounded by a network of veins
venous blood absorbs heat thus assisting with thermal regulation

26
Q

Where are the retractor penis muscles fused?

A

to the ventral penis just cranial to the sigmoid flexure

27
Q

What about the boar anatomical structure is different?

A

they have a spiral glans (counter clockwise) and a preputial diverticulum

28
Q

What about the buck + ram is of concern when it comes to repro anatomy?

A

their urethral process is a common place for stones to accumulate

29
Q

When is it possible to see the tip/end spiral at ejaculation in bulls?

A

when electro ejaculation is used

30
Q

What is different about the stallions repro anatomy?

A

they have a fossa glandis and 3 urethral sinuses

31
Q

Where does the organism that causes contagious equine metritis like to live?

A

in the urethral sinuses of stallions!

32
Q

In camelids, what partially contributes to the induction of ovulation?

A

the cartilaginous (hook-like) tip of the penis

33
Q

What should regress in Tom Cats after they are castrated?

A

the cornified papillae (spikes) -can be seen when you exteriorize the penis

34
Q

What is the target cell of FSH?

A

sertoli cell- maintain spermatogenesis

35
Q

What is the target cell of LH?

A

Leydig cells - to promote testosterone synthesis

36
Q

What does spermatocytogenesis consist of?

A

the divisions of myosis 1 + 2;
it is the first stage of spermatogenesis
so it is the conversion of spermatogonia to spermatocytes then to spermatids!

37
Q

What does spermatogenesis consist of?

A

it is the entire process so it includes: spermatocytogenesis, mitosis, meosis and spermiogenesis

38
Q

What does spermiogenesis consist of?

A

essentially it is the division of the spermatid to sperm.
it includes the second stage of s[ermatogenesis, converts spermatids to spermatozoon and takes it through the four phases of maturation

39
Q

What is spermiation?

A

the release of spermatozoa

40
Q

In stallions, when should their testes be down and what size are they?

A

down by 16 months, they are LARGE

41
Q

In what species can we find alkaline phosphatase in the semen? Where does it come from?

A

dog + horse; the epididymis

42
Q

What does a high Alkaline phosphatase count over 5,000 mean?

A

that there is a substantial amount of ejaculate

43
Q

What is erection controlled by? (Think about point + shoot)

A

Controlled by parasympathetic response

44
Q

What is emission controlled by? (think about point and shoot)

A

Controlled by sympathetic stimulation

45
Q

What animals have a dramatic increase in blood pressure during an erection?

A

ruminants- fibroelastic penis

46
Q

What drugs can be helpful to use to induce ejaculation in an animal.. especially horses?

A

alpha 2 sedatives

47
Q

What is ejaculation controlled by?

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic and spinal nerves

48
Q

How long does normal spermatogenesis in most species take?

A

6-8 weeks to complete

Therio (4 decks)

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