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Obstetrics And Gynecology > Obstetrics > Flashcards

Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

Upper part of the lamellae of labia minora

A

Prepuce of clitoris

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2
Q

Lower part of the lamellae of labia minora

A

Frenulum of clitoris

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3
Q

Other term for labia minora

A

Nymphae

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4
Q

Outermost portion of the ovary

A

Tunica albuginea

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5
Q

Normal value of obstetric conjugate

A

> 10cm

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6
Q

Inner cell mass becomes an

A

embryo

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7
Q

Outer cell mass becomes the

A

trophoblast

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8
Q

The halo around the blastocyst

A

zona pelucida

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9
Q

Layer of the trophoblast which is contiguous with maternal decidua and later maternal blood

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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10
Q

Innermost layer (embryonic side) of the trophoblas

A

Cytotrophoblast

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11
Q

Fetal membrane nearest to the fetus

A

Amnion

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12
Q

The fetal component of the placenta

A

chorion frondosum (leafy chorion)

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13
Q

Fetoplacental circulation established on day

A

Day 17

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14
Q

Maternal compartment of placenta

A

decidua basalis

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15
Q

Provides majority of tensile strength of fetal membranes

A

Amnion

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16
Q

Extracellular matrix of umbilical cord is a specialized connective tissue called

A

Wharton’s Jelly

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17
Q

Earliest hormonal signal of pregnancy

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)

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18
Q

Aside from placenta, what fetal organ secretes HCG?

A

Fetal kidney

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19
Q

HCG is secreted by what part of the placenta?

A

syncytiotrophoblast

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20
Q

Responsible for vomiting during pregnancy especially at 10wks

A

HCG

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21
Q

Maximal levels of HCG is detected at what week of gestation?

A

8-10 weeks;

Can be detected at 5 weeks

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22
Q

HCG is first detected in maternal plasma how many days post-ovulation

A

8 days

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23
Q

The main function of this hormone is to ensure nutrient supply to fetus especially during times of maternal starvation

A

Human placental lactogen

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24
Q

After how many weeks will the placenta assume progesterone secretion?

A

8 weeks

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25
Q

Heart and pericardium are prominent at what week AOG

A

4th week

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26
Q

Fingers and toes are present at what week AOG

A

6th week

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27
Q

When does an embyro become a fetus?

A

8th week after fertilization

10th week by LMP

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28
Q

Uterus palpable just above the symphysis pubis

A

12th week AOG

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29
Q

Fingers and toes differentiated and provided with nails at what week AOG

A

12th week

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30
Q

Earliest possible time that the OB-GYNE could detect the sex of the fetus

A

12th week

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31
Q

Fundus of uterus palpable between symphysis and umbilicus

A

16th week

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32
Q

Midpoint of pregnancy

A

20th week

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33
Q

Fundus of uterus palpable at the level of umbilicus

A

20th week

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34
Q

How many frontal bones are there in a fetal head?

A

2

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35
Q

Area of lambdoid and temporal sutures

A

TEMPORAL/CASSERIAN FONTANEL

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36
Q

Greatest circumference in fetal head

A

Occipitofrontal

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37
Q

Ideal fetal head diameter for vaginal delivery

A

Biparietal (9.5)

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38
Q

Greatest transverse diameter of fetal head

A

Biparietal

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39
Q

Primary biological compartment of the maternal transfer

A

INTERVILLOUS SPACE: Maternal Blood

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40
Q

Extravascular compartment which directly bathes the trophoblast but nomixing occurs

A

INTERVILLOUS SPACE: Maternal Blood

Inteavillus - fetal blood

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41
Q

An ultrafiltrate of maternal plasma in early pregnancy

A

Amnionic fluid

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42
Q

At what month in pregnancy does the fetus participates in the regulation of the amount of amniotic fluid by swallowing & respiration?

A

4 months

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43
Q

After what AOG does amnionic fluid composed largely of fetal urine?

A

16-20 weeks

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44
Q

Fetal kidneys start producing urine at what AOG

A

12 weeks

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45
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

> 2000mL

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46
Q

Atrophied and obliterated

umbilical artery

A

Umbilical ligament

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47
Q

Intra-abdominal remnant of

umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum Teres

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48
Q

Constricted ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

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49
Q

Erythropoieses in fetal blood circulation occurs in

A

Fetal liver

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50
Q

At what AOG does the fetus hear sounds in utero

A

24-26th week

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51
Q

At what week AOG is the fetal eyes sensitive to light and responsive to taste of ingested substance

A

28th week

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52
Q

Fetal swallowing begins at what AOG

A

10-12 weeks

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53
Q

Datk-greenish appearance of meconium is caused by

A

Biliverdin

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54
Q

Mullerian-Inhibiting Substances (MIS) is produced by what cells of the fetal testis?

A

sertoli

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55
Q

Diminished 5a-dihydrotestosterone-binding capacity causing bifid scrotum, infertility, gynecomastia

A

Familial Male Pseudohermaphroditism, type I/Reifenstein syndrome

56
Q

Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (INH) accompanied by the developmental absence of the olfactory bulbs causing anosmia

A

Kallman’s syndrome

57
Q

After what week does the increase in uterine size is predominantly related to pressure exerted by product of conception (mechanical distention)

A

12 weeks

58
Q

Most important layer of uterus

A

Middle layer

59
Q

Softening of isthmus; lower uterine segment

A

HEGAR’S SIGN

60
Q

Softening of cervix

A

GOODELL’S SIGN

61
Q

Represents exaggerated luteinization reaction of normal ovary in pregnancy

A

LUTEOMA OF PREGNANCY

62
Q

Due to increased vascularity vagina becomes violaceous (bluish to purple)

A

CHADWICK’S SIGN

63
Q

Dark discoloration of the face and neck in pregnancy

A

CHLOASMA/ MELASMA GRAVIDARUM /MASK OF PREGNANCY

64
Q

Weight gain if BMI before pregnancy is normal

A

27.5 lbs or 12.5 kg

before 2 lbs 1st trimester, 11 lbs 2nd trimester and 11 lbs 3rd trimester (2-11-11)

65
Q

Total iron requirement in normal pregnancy

A

1,000 mg

66
Q

Caused by reflux of acidic secretion into the lower esophagus due to altered position of stomach

A

PYROSIS (heartburn)

67
Q

Focal, highly vascular swelling of gums in pregnancy

A

EPULIS

68
Q

PRURITUS GRAVIDARUM is due to

A

retained bile salt

69
Q

Brownish-red opacities on posterior surface of cornea

A

KRUNKENBERG SPINDLES

70
Q

A woman in labor

A

Parturient

71
Q

A woman who had just given birth

A

Puerpera

72
Q

At what week AOG is the fundic height reliable to predict or tell the AOG

A

24-34 weeks

73
Q

1st leopold maneuver

A

Fundal grip

74
Q

2nd leopold maneuver

A

Umbilical grip

75
Q

3rd leopold maneuver

A

Pawlik’s grip

76
Q

4th leopold maneuver

A

Pelvic grip

77
Q

Implantation bleeding, which coincides with expected menses

A

Hartman’s sign

78
Q

Positive results in endocrine test for hCG in urine/serum is what sign of pregnancy

A

Probable sign

79
Q

Identification of fetal heart action by Stethoscope: –o Doppler principle - 10 weeks

A

17-19 weeks

80
Q

Identification of fetal heart action by doppler ultrasound

A

10 weeks

81
Q

RADIOGRAPHIC SIGN OF FETAL DEATH wherein there is significant overlap of the skull bone due to liquefaction of the brain

A

Spalding sign

82
Q

RADIOGRAPHIC SIGN OF FETAL DEATH wherein there is demonstration of gas in fetal spines

A

Robert’s sign

83
Q

Quickening in primigravid

A

18-20 weeks

84
Q

Quickening in multigravid

A

16-18 weeks

85
Q

Age of viability

A

28 weeks

86
Q

Dilated, occluded cervical glands bulging beneath the exocervical mucosa

A

Nabothian Cysts

87
Q

Normaln amniotic fluid index

A

> 10 cm

88
Q

AFI which requires immediate delivery of the baby

A

= 5 cm

89
Q

OGTT is done at what AOG

A

24-28 week AOG

90
Q

Pregnant women can safely travel via airplane until what AOG?

A

36 weeks

91
Q

Error in 1st trimester UTZ

A

+/- 3-5 days

92
Q

Error in 2nd trimester UTZ

A

+/- 1 week

93
Q

Error in 3rd trimester UTZ

A

+/- 2 weeks

94
Q

McDonald’s Rule

A

AOG computation

Age (weeks) = FH (cm) x 8/7

95
Q

Johnson’s Rule

A

Estimated Fetal Weight

EFW (kg) = FH – 11 x 0.155

96
Q

Minimum duration of inactive state of fetus

A

23 minutes (sleep)

97
Q

Position of the mother as the transducer of a fetal monitor is placed over the abdomen to record FHR

A

Semi-Fowlers position

98
Q

Normal FHR

A

120-160 bpm

99
Q

Initial response of fetus to hypoxemia

A

Bradycardia

100
Q

DECELERATION is decrease in fetal heart rate by at least _____ bpm in _____ secs

A

15 bpm in 15 secs

101
Q

NST is a test of

A

Fetal condition

102
Q

REACTIVE NST

A

Defined as ≥ 2 accelerations of FHR that peak at 15 bpm, each lasting ≥ 15 secs within 20 minutes

≥ 32 weeks AOG: acceleration ≥ 15 bpm for ≥ 15 seconds for 20 minutes observation
≤ 32 weeks AOG: acceleration is ≥ 10 bpm for ≥ 10seconds for 20 minutes observation

103
Q

CST is a test of

A

uteroplacental function

104
Q

Positive CST

A

> /= 2 decelerations

105
Q

Early deceleration is secondary to

A

Head compression

106
Q

Late deceleration is due to

A

Uteroplacental insufficiency

107
Q

Variable deceleration is due to

A

Cord compression

108
Q

AFI in polyhydramnios

A

> 24

109
Q

Amniocentesis is done at what AOG

A

15-20 weeks AOG

110
Q

Chorionic villus sampling is done at what AOG?

A

9-11 weeks

111
Q

Fetus is said to be engaged if the biparietal diameter of the fetal head has passed through the

A

pelvic inlet

112
Q

Shortest diameter of the pelvic cavity

A

PELVIC MIDPLANE DIAMETER

113
Q

Used as a landmark in assessing the level to which the presenting part of the fetus has descended

A

PELVIC MIDPLANE DIAMETER

Ischial spine

114
Q

Heart-shaped pelvic inlet

A

Android pelvis

115
Q

The relation of the fetal long axis of the fetus to that of the mother

A

FETAL LIE

116
Q

Military attitude fetal presentation? Presenting part?

A

Sinciput; anterior fontanel or bregma

117
Q

Thighs are flexed on the abdomen and the legs are extended over the anterior surfaces of the body

A

Frank breech

118
Q

Thighs are flexed on abdomen and legs are flexed over the thighs; the feet present at the level of the buttocks (Indian sit)

A

Complete breech

119
Q

One or both feet, one or both knees are lowermost; one or both hips are not flexed and one or both feet or knees lie below the breech such that a foot or a knee is lower most inthe birth canal

A

Incomplete/Footling breech

120
Q

The portion of the fetus arbitrarily chosen to orient it with the maternal pelvis in shoulder presentation

A

acromion/ scapula

121
Q

The relation of the fetal parts to one another

A

FETAL ATTITUDE

122
Q

The relation of an arbitrarily chosen portion of the fetal PP to the RIGHT (R) or LEFT (L) side of the maternal pelvis/ birth canal

A

FETAL POSITION

123
Q

The “obliteration” or “taking up” of the cervix

A

Degree of Effacement

Shortening of the cervical canal from the length of about 2cm to mere circular orifice with almost paper thin edges

124
Q

From regular uterine contractions to full cervical dilatation(10 cm)

A

FIRST STAGE OF LABOR

Duration is variable
Nulliparous: 7h
Multiparous: 4h

125
Q

Full cervical dilatation to delivery of baby

A

SECOND STAGE OF LABOR

Duration varies:
Nulliparous: 50 mins
Multiparous: 20 mins

126
Q

Maneuver that allows control of the delivery of the head wherein the hand exerts forward pressure on the chin of the fetus through the perineum to the coccyx of the mother

A

Ritgen maneuver

127
Q

From delivery of the infant to the delivery of placenta

A

THIRD STAGE OF LABOR

128
Q

The earliest sign of placental separation

A

Uterus becomes globular and firmer (Calkin’s sign)

129
Q

MECHANISM OF PLACENTAL SEPARATION wherein blood from the implantation site escapes immediatelyl

A

DUNCAN (Dirty)

130
Q

MECHANISM OF PLACENTAL SEPARATION wherein bleeding may be concentrated behind the placenta and membranes until the placenta is delivered

A

SCHULTZE (Shiny or smooth)

131
Q

Maneuver of placental delivery wherein you apply suprapubic pressure

A

Brandt Andrews Maneuver

132
Q

Fourth stage of labor

A

An hour after delivery of placenta

133
Q

Degree of laceration including fourchette, perineal skin, vaginal mucosa but not underlying fasciaor muscle

A

1st DEGREE

134
Q

Degree of laceration up to fascia and muscle of perineal body but not the anal sphincter

A

2nd DEGREE

135
Q

Degree of laceration up to anal sphincter (extends from the vaginal mucosa, perineal skin and fascia up to anal sphincter, but not rectal mucosa

A

3rd DEGREE

136
Q

Degree of laceration up to rectal mucosa but not rectal muscle

A

4th degree

Obstetrics And Gynecology (2 decks)

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