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Obstetrics And Gynecology > Gynecology > Flashcards

Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common large cyst of the vulva

A

BARTHOLIN’S GLAND CYST

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2
Q

Most common benign solid tumors of the vulva

A

FIBROMA

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3
Q

Rare, small, benign vulvar tumor that originates from apocrine sweat glands of the inner surface of the labia majora and nearby perineum

A

HIDRADENOMA

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4
Q

A very rare, cystic, asymptomatic, benign adenoma of the eccrine sweat glands.

A

SYRINGOMA

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5
Q

Chronic eruption of shiny, violaceous papules that involves inner aspects of the vulva

A

LICHEN PLANUS

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6
Q

Whitish change in vulvar skin wherein epithelium becomes markedly thinned with loss or blunting of the rete ridges and with “cigarette paper” appearance

A

LICHEN SCLEROSUS

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7
Q

Most frequent non-squamous cells malignancy of the vulva

A

Melanoma

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8
Q

Most commonly used treatment for VAIN

A

CO2 laser vaporization

Vaporizes the abnormal tissue without shortening or narrowing the vagina

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9
Q

Topical medication for VAIN

A

5-FU cream

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10
Q

Treatment of choice for VAIN

A

Wide local excision (upper vaginectomy)

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11
Q

Most common vaginal malignancy

A

Metastatic (primary is rare)

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12
Q

Dysontogenic cyst in the anterior lateral wall of the vagina that arises from mesonephros

A

Gartner duct cyst

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13
Q

Dysontogenic cyst in the upper half of the vagina that arises from perimesonephrium

A

Mullerian cyst

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14
Q

Dysontogenic cyst in the vagina that arises from urogenital sinus

A

Vestibular cyst

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15
Q

Most troublesome type of myoma clinically

A

Submucosal (prone to bleeding and distort the uterine cavity)

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16
Q

T or F: Leiomyoma has capsule

A

False. No true capsule. Only pseudocapsule

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17
Q

Most common degeneration on leiomyoma

A

Hyaline; also the mildest

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18
Q

Classic sign of leiomyosarcoma

A

Disturbing symptoms after menopause

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19
Q

Associated disease in leiomyoma wherein benign smooth muscle fiber severely invade the venous channels of the pelvis and abdominal peritoneum resembling spaghetti tumor grossly

A

Intravenous leiomyomatosis

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20
Q

Associated disease in leiomyoma which is a benign disease with multiple small nodules over the surface of the pelvic and abdominal peritoneum

A

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata

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21
Q

Most common location of endometrial polyps

A

Fundus

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22
Q

Most common location of leiomyoma in the uterus

A

Body of the uterus

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23
Q

Uterine mass that appears as swiss cheese cystic hyperplasia

A

Endometrial polyp

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24
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia with grearest pre-malignant potential

A

Atypical complex hyperplasia

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25
Q

Most active single agent in treatment of leiomyosarcoma

A

Doxorubicin

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26
Q

Normal length of cervix

A

2-3 cm

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27
Q

Lines the endocervical canal

A

Single layer of columnar epithelium

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28
Q

Cervical layer where thete is large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with immature cells

A

Parabasal layer

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29
Q

Cervical layer where there is several layers of cuboidal cells and with presence of mitotic figures (active division)

A

Parabasal layer

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30
Q

Cervical layer that is obtained during absence of hormones such as in menopause

A

Parabasal layer

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31
Q

Cervical layet that is mostly seen in secretory phase and in pregnancy

A

Intermediate layer

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32
Q

Cervical layer that is related to progesterone predominance

A

Intermediate layer

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33
Q

Cervical layer where nucleus is small or pyknotic nuclei

A

Superficial layer

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34
Q

Most mature cervical layet

A

Superficial layer

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35
Q

Cervical layer that is related to estrogen predominance and obtained during proliferative phase

A

Superficial layer

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36
Q

Special intermediate cells in the cervix during pregnancy

A

Navicular cells

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37
Q

CIN 1 involves what part of basal epithelium

A

1/3

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38
Q

CIN II involves what part of basal epithelium

A

2/3

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39
Q

CIN III involves what part of basal epithelium

A

> 2/3 but not full thickness

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40
Q

Carcinoma in situ of the cervix involves what part of basal epithelium

A

Full thickness

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41
Q

Proteins produced by HPV virus

A

E6 and E7

42
Q

When will subclinical HPV infection be treated?

A

6 months after if the woman is not able to clear the infection on her own

43
Q

Pap smear screening for low risk individuals

A

Every 2-3 years

44
Q

Pap smear screening for high risk individuals

A

Annually

45
Q

Diagnostic test wherein patient is in lithotomy position; cotton ball is dipped to a lugol’s solution and placed inside the cervix

A

Schiller’s test

46
Q

Dark brown cells after schiller’s test

A

Normal; cells with glycogen takes up iodine

47
Q

Pale cells after schiller’s test of the cervix

A

Abnormal; abnormal cells have decrease in glycogen hence, does not take up iodine

(+) schiller’s test

48
Q

Aceto white epithelium after acetic acid wash test of the cervix is

A

Abnormal;

The faster it turns white, the higher the grade of CIN

49
Q

Diagnostic method of choice for the evaluation of most Pap smear abnormalities

A

Colposcopy

50
Q

A low power binocular microscope that is mounted on a stand that is used to view the uterine cervix after a speculum had been introduced into the vagina

A

Colposcopy

51
Q

Mainstay management or CIN before cryotherapy anf laser

A

Cautery

52
Q

Most common manifestation of cervical cancer

A

Fungating, exophytic tumor

53
Q

Barrel shaped cervix

A

Cancer; endocervical

54
Q

Most common histologic type of SCC in the cervix

A

Large cell; non-keratinizing type

55
Q

Type of cervical carcinoma that is not affected by sexual factors

A

Adenocarcinoma

56
Q

Most common cervical CA

A

SCC

57
Q

Most common site of cervical adenocarcinoma

A

Endocervix

58
Q

Which has better prognosis: HPV + or - cervical cancer?

A

HPV (-)

59
Q

Stage of cervical CA wherein tumor is confined to the cervix

A

Stage I

60
Q

Stage of cervical CA wherein there is microinvasion

A

Stage IA

61
Q

Stage of cervical CA wherein tumor is spread to upper 2/3 of the vagina

A

IIA

62
Q

Stage of cervical CA wherein tumor spread to paracervical tissue but not to the pelvic wall

A

Stage IIB (paramedia)

63
Q

Stage of cervical CA wherein tumor spread to lower third of vagina

A

Stage IIIA

64
Q

Stage of cervical CA wherein tumor spread to pelvic wall or obstruction of either ureter by tumor

A

IIIB

65
Q

Stage of cervical CA wherein tumor spread to mucosa of bladder or rectum or outside pelvis

A

IV

66
Q

Treatment for stage IA cervical CA

A

Hysterectomy

67
Q

Treatment for stage IB and IIA cervical cancer

A

Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenopathy plus radiotherapy (if positive pelvic nodes)

68
Q

3 long term complications of radical hysterectomy

A

Small bowel obstruction
Ureterovaginal fistula
Bladder dysfunction

69
Q

Treatment of Stage IIB to IVB

A

Radiotherapy

70
Q

4 drugs that may be used in the induction chemotherapy of cervical CA IB to IVA

A

Cisplatin, vincristine, mitomycin, bleomycin

71
Q

Ligament that support the ovaries laterally

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament

72
Q

Ligament that support the ovaries medially

A

Ovarian ligament

73
Q

Ligament that support the ovaries inferiorly

A

Mesovarium

74
Q

Most common cystic structure in normal ovary

A

Follicular cyst

75
Q

Least common functional ovarian cyst

A

Theca-lutein cyst

76
Q

Lobulated ovarian cyst containing strawberry fluid with multiloculations

A

Theca lutein cyst

77
Q

Largest among the 3 functional ovarian cyst

A

Theca lutein cyst

78
Q

Benign hyperplastic reaction if the theca lutein cells during pregnancy; masculinization of the mother

A

Luteoma of pregnancy

79
Q

Most effective medical treatment for endometrioma

A

GnRH agonist

80
Q

Ovarian cyst or tumor that is most prone to torsion

A

Dermoid (due to presence of sebum which makes it float)

81
Q

Simplr cyst found adjacent to ovary that is a remnant of Mullerian duct

A

Paraovarian cyst

82
Q

What is the size of ovary for it tonbe considered abnormal?

A

> 5 cm

83
Q

5-8 cm cyst, thin walled, with clear fluid in premenopausal age group, unilocular and anechoic

A

Functional cyst

84
Q

Ovary greater than 8 cm, multilocular, partially solid

A

Neoplastic

If purely cystic - benign
If mixed (cystic and solid) - malignant
85
Q

Leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies

A

Ovarian CA

86
Q

Most frequent ovarian neoplasm

A

Epithelial stronal tumors

87
Q

Most common epithelial stromal ovarian tumor

A

Serous tumors

88
Q

Solid epithelial ovarian tumor that is almost always benign

A

Brenner tumor

89
Q

Psammoma bodies is seen in what ovarian tumor

A

Serous cyst adenocarcinoma

90
Q

Tumor marker for mucinous ovarian tumor

A

CEA

91
Q

Most common and earliest mode of spread of cervical CA

A

Exfoliation of cells

92
Q

Most frequently used chemotherapy for ovarian CA

A

Melphalan, PO q28 days for 5 years

Other drugs: cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel

93
Q

Most common malignang germ cell tumor

A

Dysgerminoma

94
Q

Only ovarian tumor sensitive to radiotherapy

A

Dysgerminoma

95
Q

Most common benign non-epithelial ovarian tumor

A

Mature teratoma

96
Q

Schiller duval bodies

A

Yolk sac tumors

97
Q

Call exner bodies

A

Granulosa stromal cell tumor

98
Q

Tumor marker for granulosa cell tumor

A

Inhibin

99
Q

Most common benign solid neoplasm of the ovary

A

Fibroma

100
Q

Ovarian fibroma, hydrothorax and ascites

A

Meig’s syndrome

101
Q

Cut surface of this ovarian tumor is white or yellow, wide solid tissue with whorled appearance

A

Fibroma

Obstetrics And Gynecology (2 decks)

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