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Medical Emergencies II > Obstetrics > Flashcards

Obstetrics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A partial or full detachment of a normally implanted placenta at more than 20 weeks gestation

A

abruptio placentae

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2
Q

Fluid in the amniotic sac

A

Amniotic fluid

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3
Q

An embolism that occurs when amniotic fluid gains access to maternal circulation during labor or delivery or immediately after delivery

A

Amniotic fluid embolism

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4
Q

A thin-walled bag that contains the fetus and amniotic fluid during pregnancy

A

amniotic sac

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5
Q

The evaluation of a newborn’s physical condition, performed at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, including heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color.

A

APGAR score

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6
Q

Irregular tightening of the pregnant uterus that may begin as early as the second trimester and increases in frequency, duration, and intensity as the pregnancy progresses.

A

Braxton Hicks contractions

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7
Q

The intrauterine position of the fetus in which the buttocks or feet present, rather than the head.

A

Breech presentation

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8
Q

An obstetric condition in which a newborn’s head is too large or a mother’s birth canal is too small to permit a normal vaginal delivery.

A

cephalopelvic disproportion

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9
Q

A surgical procedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and the baby is delivered transabdominally.

A

cesarean delivery

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10
Q

An inflammatory reaction in the amniotic membranes caused by infection in the amniotic fluid.

A

chorioamnionitis

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11
Q

The phase at the end of labor in which the fetal head is seen at the opening of the vagina

A

Crowning

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12
Q

A blood vessel in the fetus that connects the pulmonary artery directly to the proximal descending aorta.

A

ductus arteriosus

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13
Q

A vascular shunt unique to the fetal and neonatal circulations. In fetal life, the ductus venous allows variable portions of the umbilical and portal venous blood flows to bypass the liver microcirculation

A

ductus venous

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14
Q

The onset of seizures in a woman with preeclampsia

A

Eclampsia

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15
Q

A pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized ovum implants anywhere other than the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

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16
Q

The stage of prenatal development that begins with fertilization and continues until the end of the 8th week of gestation.

A

embryo

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17
Q

Hemolytic anemia in the fetus caused by maternal antibodies directed against the fetus’s erythrocytes, secondary to ABO or Rh incompatibility between the mother and the fetus

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

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18
Q

Predicted delivery date for the fetus based on either last menstrual period or ideally ultrasonography performed in the first trimester

A

estimated date of confinement

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19
Q

A stage in prenatal development. In humans this stage is between the embryonic stage (end of 10th week) and birth.

A

fetus

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20
Q

The stage of labor that begins with contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated at 10 cm. It is divided into early labor, active labor, and transition.

A

first stage of labor

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21
Q

An opening in the septum between the right and left atria in the fetal heart that provides a bypass for blood that would otherwise flow to the fetal lungs.

A

foramen ovale

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22
Q

The application of external pressure to the uterus to decrease postpartum bleeding.

A

fundal massage

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23
Q

The period from fertilization of the ovum until birth.

A

gestation

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24
Q

A disorder characterized by impaired ability to metabolize carbohydrates usually caused by a deficiency of insulin. It occurs in pregnancy and disappears after delivery but in some cases returns years later.

A

gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

25
Q

Hypertension (defined as a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg) that develops in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks’ gestation without any other features of preeclampsia and resolves during the postpartum period.

A

Gestational hypertension

26
Q

The number of all current and past pregnancies

A

gravida

27
Q

A severe form of preeclampsia that involves H, hemolysis; EL, elevated liver enzymes; and LP, low platelet count.

A

HELLP syndrome

28
Q

A fetal condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid throughout body tissues, including the lungs, heart, and abdominal organs

A

hydrops fetalis

29
Q

A condition of pregnancy characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss and electrolyte disturbance.

A

hyperemesis gravidarum (H/G)

30
Q

A normal postpartum vaginal discharge that contains blood, mucus, and placental tissue from the lining of the uterus.

A

ischia

31
Q

A collection of cervical mucus that fills and seals the cervical canal during pregnancy, It is discharged from the vagina prior to childbirth

A

mucus plug

32
Q

A pregnancy with more than one fetus.

A

multiple gestation

33
Q

An egg in the ovary of a female.

A

ovum

34
Q

The number of past pregnancies that have remained viable to delivery.

A

para

35
Q

the process by which a fetus is born

A

paraturition

36
Q

A highly vascular fetal-maternal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen, nutrients, and other substances and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes.

A

placenta

37
Q

Placental implantation in the lower uterine segment partially or completely covering the cervical opening.

A

placenta previa

38
Q

Depression that occurs during or after pregnancy that is caused by a combination of sudden hormonal changes and psychological and environmental factors.

A

postpartum depression

39
Q

Blood loss of more than 500 mL after delivery of the newborn

A

postpartum hemorrhage

40
Q

A rapid, spontaneous delivery of less than 3 hours from onset of labor to birth. This childbirth occurs with such speed that usual preparations cannot be made. It results from overactive uterine contractions and little maternal soft-tissue or bony resistance.

A

precipitous delivery

41
Q

An abnormal disease of pregnancy characterized by the onset of acute hypertension associated with either proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation or other abnormalities like thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, or cerebral or visual symptoms.

A

preeclampsia

42
Q

A newborn who is born before 37 weeks’ gestation

A

premature newborn

43
Q

Rupture of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor, regardless of gestational age.

A

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)

44
Q

An immune disorder that develops in a fetus, when gG antibodies directed against Rh-positive red blood cells are produced by the mother and pass through the placenta.

A

Rh disease

45
Q

A condition that can occur during pregnancy if an Rh-negative woman is pregnant with a baby who has Rh-positive blood. If this occurs, the immune system reacts to the Rh factor by producing antibodies to destroy it.

A

Rh sensitization

46
Q

The stage of labor that is measured from full dilation of the cervix to delivery of the newborn.

A

second stage of labor

47
Q

An obstacle to delivery that occurs when the fetal shoulders press against the maternal symphysis pubis, blocking shoulder delivery.

A

shoulder dystocia

48
Q

A delivery presentation that results when the long axis of the fetus lies perpendicular to that of the mother; also known as transverse presentation.

A

shoulder presentation

49
Q

Non-induced termination of pregnancy that usually occurs before 20 weeks’ gestation; also known as miscarriage.

A

spontaneous abortion

50
Q

The stage of labor that begins with delivery of the newborn and ends when the placenta is expelled and the uterus has contracted.

A

Third stage of labor

51
Q

Vaginal bleeding that occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Common causes include abruptio placentae, placenta previa, or uterine rupture.

A

third-trimester bleeding

52
Q

A medication given to temporarily reduce the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions.

A

tocolytic

53
Q

An acronym for a special group of infections that may be acquired by a woman during pregnancy: Toxoplasmosis, Other infections (namely, hepatitis B, syphilis, and herpes zoster), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus

A

TORCH infections

54
Q

Periods of approximately 3 months into which pregnancy is divided. There are a total of three such periods in one pregnancy.

A

trimesters

55
Q

A flexible structure connecting the umbilicus of the fetus with the placenta. It contains the umbilical arteries and vein and is the key structure in delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus

A

umbilical cord

56
Q

A presentation that occurs when the cord passes through the cervix at the same time or in advance of the presenting part of the fetus

A

umbilical cord prolapse

57
Q

A rare event in which the uterus turns inside out after birth

A

uterine inversion

58
Q

Spontaneous or traumatic rupture of the uterine wall

A

Uterine rupture

59
Q

The developing ovum from the time it is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus as a blastocyst

A

zygote

Medical Emergencies II (4 decks)

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