Neonatal Care

Question 1

The period before labor and delivery

Answer 1

antepartum

Question 2

An absence of spontaneous respirations

Answer 2

apnea

Question 3

A congenital anomaly in which an opening exists between the heart’s two upper chambers.

Answer 3

atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 4

Cyanosis of the tongue and mucous membranes; usually reflects decreased saturation of the hemoglobin in arterial blood.

Answer 4

central cyanosis

Question 5

A bony or membranous occlusion that blocks the passageway between the nose and pharynx. It can result in serious ventilation problems in the newborn.

Answer 5

choanal atresia

Question 6

An incomplete closure of the newborn’s lip that occurs when one or more fissures fail to fuse in the embryo.

Answer 6

cleft lip

Question 7

An incomplete closure in the soft/hard palate of the roof of the mouth that runs along its midline; occurs when one or more fissures fail to fuse in the embryo.

Answer 7

cleft palate

Question 8

A congenital defect in which there is narrowing or constriction of the aorta

Answer 8

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

Question 9

A condition that occurs when the body is unable to warm itself

Answer 9

cold stress

Question 10

Defects that occur during fetal development

Answer 10

congenital abnormalities

Question 11

A herniation of abdominal structures into the pleural cavity through a defect in the diaphragm. Often caused by improper fusion of pleuroperitoneal membranes that separate the chest from the abdomen during fetal development

Answer 11

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 12

The incomplete formation or abnormal development of the esophagus

Answer 12

esophageal atresia

Question 13

An abdominal wall defect in which the anterior abdomen does not close properly, allowing the intestines to protrude outside the fetus.

Answer 13

gastroschisis

Question 14

A condition in which the heart’s left side, including the aorta, aortic valve, left ventricle, and mitral valve, is underdeveloped.

Answer 14

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Question 15

A congenital defect caused by abnormal rotation of the intestine around the superior mesenteric artery during embryonic development.

Answer 15

intestinal malrotation

Question 16

The period during labor and delivery

Answer 16

intrapartum

Question 17

The inhalation of meconium by the fetus or newborn. The inhaled meconium can block air passages and result in failure of the lungs to expand or cause other pulmonary dysfunction

Answer 17

meconium aspiration

Question 18

A green coloration of amniotic fluid as a result of fetal in utero passage of meconium.

Answer 18

meconium staining

Question 19

A person in the first 28 days of life; also known as a neonate.

Answer 19

newborn

Question 20

A yellow discoloration of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes in a newborn as a result of high bilirubin levels.

Answer 20

newborn jaundice

Question 21

A type of hernia in which the newborn’s intestines or other abdominal organs protrude through the umbilicus; results during fetal development when the muscles in the abdominal wall do not close properly.

Answer 21

omphalocele

Question 22

A persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery that results from failure of normal physiologic closure of the fetal ductus; common congenital heart defect.

Answer 22

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Question 23

Cyanosis that is confined to the extremities (common in the first few minutes of life); also known as acrocyanosis.

Answer 23

peripheral cyanosis

Question 24

A complex of congenital anomalies including a small mandible, a tongue that is placed farther back than normal and causes airway obstruction, and a cleft palate

Answer 24

Pierre Robin sequence

Question 25

A newborn who is born before 37 weeks’ gestation

Answer 25

premature newborn

Question 26

A life-threatening congenital anomaly in which the pulmonary valve is replaced with a membrane, preventing blood from flowing from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs to pick up oxygen.

Answer 26

pulmonary atresia

Question 27

A congenital malformation characterized by incomplete development of lung tissue.

Answer 27

pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 28

A congenital defect in which there is narrowing of the pylorus (the opening from the stomach into the small intestine) caused by thickening of the muscles in the pyloric wall. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infancy.

Answer 28

pyloric stenosis

Question 29

Complex defects that occur in the embryonic stage and result when one of the ventricles is underdeveloped

Answer 29

single-ventricle defects

Question 30

A neural tube defect (congenital) with incomplete closing of the spine, spinal cord, and membranes around the spine.

Answer 30

spina bifida

Question 31

A congenital cardiac anomaly that consists of four defects: pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta so that it rises from the septal defect or the right ventricle, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Answer 31

tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

Question 32

A congenital heart defect in which the four pulmonary veins that transport oxygen-rich blood back to the heart from the lungs are not properly attached to the left atrium and instead may connect to the right atrium.

Answer 32

total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)

Question 33

An abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea that results from a failed fusion of the tracheoesophageal ridges during fetal development.

Answer 33

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 34

A congenital defect in which the positions of the great arteries are reversed, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle, may be a ductal-dependent lesion.

Answer 34

transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

Question 35

A congenital defect in which there is absence or abnormal development of a tricuspid valve

Answer 35

tricuspid atresia

Question 36

A rare type of congenital heart disease characterized by a large ventricular septal defect over which a large, single great vessel (truncus) arises.

Answer 36

truncus arteriosus

Question 37

A congenital anomaly in which an opening exists between the heart’s two lower chambers

Answer 37

ventricular septal defect (VSD)