Neonatal Care Flashcards
The period before labor and delivery
antepartum
An absence of spontaneous respirations
apnea
A congenital anomaly in which an opening exists between the heart’s two upper chambers.
atrial septal defect (ASD)
Cyanosis of the tongue and mucous membranes; usually reflects decreased saturation of the hemoglobin in arterial blood.
central cyanosis
A bony or membranous occlusion that blocks the passageway between the nose and pharynx. It can result in serious ventilation problems in the newborn.
choanal atresia
An incomplete closure of the newborn’s lip that occurs when one or more fissures fail to fuse in the embryo.
cleft lip
An incomplete closure in the soft/hard palate of the roof of the mouth that runs along its midline; occurs when one or more fissures fail to fuse in the embryo.
cleft palate
A congenital defect in which there is narrowing or constriction of the aorta
coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
A condition that occurs when the body is unable to warm itself
cold stress
Defects that occur during fetal development
congenital abnormalities
A herniation of abdominal structures into the pleural cavity through a defect in the diaphragm. Often caused by improper fusion of pleuroperitoneal membranes that separate the chest from the abdomen during fetal development
diaphragmatic hernia
The incomplete formation or abnormal development of the esophagus
esophageal atresia
An abdominal wall defect in which the anterior abdomen does not close properly, allowing the intestines to protrude outside the fetus.
gastroschisis
A condition in which the heart’s left side, including the aorta, aortic valve, left ventricle, and mitral valve, is underdeveloped.
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
A congenital defect caused by abnormal rotation of the intestine around the superior mesenteric artery during embryonic development.
intestinal malrotation
The period during labor and delivery
intrapartum
The inhalation of meconium by the fetus or newborn. The inhaled meconium can block air passages and result in failure of the lungs to expand or cause other pulmonary dysfunction
meconium aspiration
A green coloration of amniotic fluid as a result of fetal in utero passage of meconium.
meconium staining
A person in the first 28 days of life; also known as a neonate.
newborn
A yellow discoloration of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes in a newborn as a result of high bilirubin levels.
newborn jaundice
A type of hernia in which the newborn’s intestines or other abdominal organs protrude through the umbilicus; results during fetal development when the muscles in the abdominal wall do not close properly.
omphalocele
A persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery that results from failure of normal physiologic closure of the fetal ductus; common congenital heart defect.
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Cyanosis that is confined to the extremities (common in the first few minutes of life); also known as acrocyanosis.
peripheral cyanosis
A complex of congenital anomalies including a small mandible, a tongue that is placed farther back than normal and causes airway obstruction, and a cleft palate
Pierre Robin sequence
A newborn who is born before 37 weeks’ gestation
premature newborn
A life-threatening congenital anomaly in which the pulmonary valve is replaced with a membrane, preventing blood from flowing from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
pulmonary atresia
A congenital malformation characterized by incomplete development of lung tissue.
pulmonary hypoplasia
A congenital defect in which there is narrowing of the pylorus (the opening from the stomach into the small intestine) caused by thickening of the muscles in the pyloric wall. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infancy.
pyloric stenosis
Complex defects that occur in the embryonic stage and result when one of the ventricles is underdeveloped
single-ventricle defects
A neural tube defect (congenital) with incomplete closing of the spine, spinal cord, and membranes around the spine.
spina bifida
A congenital cardiac anomaly that consists of four defects: pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta so that it rises from the septal defect or the right ventricle, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)
A congenital heart defect in which the four pulmonary veins that transport oxygen-rich blood back to the heart from the lungs are not properly attached to the left atrium and instead may connect to the right atrium.
total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
An abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea that results from a failed fusion of the tracheoesophageal ridges during fetal development.
tracheoesophageal fistula
A congenital defect in which the positions of the great arteries are reversed, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle, may be a ductal-dependent lesion.
transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
A congenital defect in which there is absence or abnormal development of a tricuspid valve
tricuspid atresia
A rare type of congenital heart disease characterized by a large ventricular septal defect over which a large, single great vessel (truncus) arises.
truncus arteriosus
A congenital anomaly in which an opening exists between the heart’s two lower chambers
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
