Obstetric Patient Part 3 Flashcards
Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as EBL greater than
500 mL for vaginal delivery
1000 mL for C-section
PPH is the result of
uterine atony (80%) uterine abnormalities placental retention lacerations uterine inversion coagulation abnormalities
Uterine atony is associated with
multiparity
prolonged oxytocin infusion
polyhydramnios
multiple gestation
PPH treatment includes
uterotonics
surgical intervention
intrauterine balloon
Uterotonics are used to treat PPH because
they stimulate uterine contractions
Uterotonics used to treat PPH include
oxytocin
methergine- 0.2 mg IM
prostaglandins (hemabate, carboprost)- 250 mcg IM or into uterus
Misoprostal- 800-1000 mcg
Additional postpartum hemorrhage treatments may include
antifibrinolytics- TXA
massive transfusion protocol- cell salvage
surgical intervention- retained placenta, nitroglycerin, hysterectomy
intrauterine balloon- tamponade
Preeclampsia occurs in _____ % of pregnancies
5-7%
incidence increased >25% in past 20 years
Preeclampsia is characterized by
systolic HTN >140 mmHg (after 20 weeks gestation)
diastolic HTN >90 mmHg (after 20 weeks gestation)
proteinuria
platelet count <100,000
impaired liver function and/or severe RUQ pain
renal insufficiency
pulmonary edema
cerebral or visual disturbances
Etiology of preeclampsia is
not well understood- failure of normal angiogenesis resulting in decreased placental perfusion
Preeclampsia results in
increased vascular tone & sensitivity to catecholamines
pronounced upper airway edema during labor
CNS effects- HA, hyperexcitability & hyperreflexia
thrombocytopenia
hepatocellular necrosis
Management of preeclampsia is directed at
avoiding uteroplacental hypoperfusion
Management of preeclampsia includes
magnesium sulfate
hypertension management- decrease intracranial hemorrhage myocardial ischemia
Magnesium sulfate is used to treat preeclampsia as it works to
reduce incidence of seizures
tocolytic
venous dilation
reduction in uterine activity
The only way to end disease process of preeclampsia is
delivery
-regional preferred to general anesthesia
______ is a complication of preeclampsia
HELLP
HELLP results in
hemolysis
elevated liver enzymes
low platelet count