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Psych (1.5) Psychopathology > Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) > Flashcards

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Flashcards

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1
Q

The DSM system recognises OCD and a range of related disorders, what are some of these disorders?

A
  • OCD,
  • Trichotillomania,
  • Hoarding disorder,
  • Excoriation disorder.
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2
Q

The DSM system recognises OCD and a range of related disorders, what do these all have in common?

A

They are repetitive behaviours accompanied by obsessive thinking.

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3
Q

What does the DSM categorise Trichotillomania?

A

Compulsive hair pulling.

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4
Q

What does the DSM categorise Hoarding disorder?

A

The compulsive gathering of possessions and the inability to part with anything, regardless of its value.

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5
Q

What does the DSM categorise Excoriation disorder?

A

Compulsive skin picking.

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6
Q

What does the DSM categorise OCD?

A

Characterised by either obsessions and/or compulsions, (Most people with OCD have both).

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7
Q

What is meant by the behavioural characteristics?

A

The ways in which people act.

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8
Q

What is meant by the emotional characteristics?

A

The ways in which people feel.

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9
Q

What is meant by the cognitive characteristics?

A

The ways in which people think and process information.

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10
Q

What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Compulsions,

- Avoidance.

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11
Q

What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Anxiety and distress,
  • Accompanying depression,
  • Guilt and disgust.
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12
Q

What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Obsessive thoughts,
  • Cognitive strategies to deal with obsessions,
  • Insight into excessive anxiety.
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13
Q

What are compulsions?

A

They are repetitive and ritualistic behaviours, they momentarily reduce anxiety when performed.

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14
Q

What does OCD stand for?

A

Obsessive Compulsive disorder.

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15
Q

What is avoidance?

A

The sufferer avoids situations that may trigger them.

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16
Q

Give some examples of common compulsions:

A
  • Excessive washing/cleaning,
  • Excessive checking,
  • Hoarding,
  • Repetition.
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17
Q

What are obsessions?

A

Persistent, intrusive and recurring thoughts or images.

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18
Q

Excessive washing of hands is an example of what?

A

Compulsions.

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19
Q

What is the main behavioural component of OCD?

A

Compulsive behaviour.

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20
Q

Compulsive behaviours have two main elements, what are these?

A

1) Compulsions are repetitive,

2) Compulsions reduce anxiety.

21
Q

Most OCD sufferers experience both obsessions and compulsions, roughly how many suffer only compulsions?

A

10% experience compulsions alone.

22
Q

Most OCD sufferers experience both obsessions and compulsions, roughly how many suffer only obsessions?

A

20% experience obsessions alone.

23
Q

For around 90% of OCD sufferers the major cognitive feature of their condition is _____________.

A

Obsessive thoughts.

For around 90% of OCD sufferers the major cognitive feature of their condition is obsessive thoughts.

24
Q

Explain how compulsions are repetitive:

A

Typically OCD sufferers feel compelled to repeat a behaviour because the action grants temporary belief, then the obsessive thought comes back soon after and the behaviour will repeat.

25
Q

Explain how compulsions are repetitive:

A

Typically OCD sufferers feel compelled to repeat a behaviour because the action grants temporary belief, then the obsessive thought comes back soon after and the behaviour will repeat.

26
Q

Explain how compulsions reduce anxiety:

A

For the majority of sufferers, compulsions are performed in an attempt to reduce the anxiety brought about by the obsessive thought.

27
Q

Describe a cycle of OCD for someone suffering compulsive hand washing:

A
  • Obsessive thought of germs on their hands,
  • Creates anxiety,
  • Compulsive behaviour of washing hands,
  • Grants temporary relief,
  • Obsessive thought repeats itself.
28
Q

Explain why sufferers show avoidance behaviours:

A

The avoidance behaviour is done in attempt to reduce anxiety by keeping away from situations that trigger it.

29
Q

Explain the emotional characteristic of anxiety and distress:

A

OCD is accompanied by powerful anxiety that follows obsessive thoughts. These thoughts are unpleasant and frightening which cause them to become overwhelmed, the compulsions also create anxiety and distress.

30
Q

What is the largest emotional characteristic associated with OCD?

A

Anxiety.

31
Q

Sufferers of compulsive hand washing may avoid coming into contact with germs, explain why:

A

To avoid having to repeat their compulsive hand washing.

32
Q

What is the link between OCD and Depression?

A

They are often co-morbid, so anxiety can be accompanied by low mood and lack of enjoyment in activities.

33
Q

Explain the characteristic of guilt and disgust:

A

OCD sometimes involves other negative emotions such as irrational guilt, or disgust which may be directed at something external, or at themselves.

34
Q

What is the main cognitive characteristic of OCD?

A

Obsessive thoughts.

35
Q

Describe a cycle of OCD for someone suffering compulsive checking:

A
  • Obsessive thought of leaving something unsecured,
  • Creates anxiety,
  • Compulsive behaviour of checking,
  • Grants temporary relief,
  • Obsessive thought repeats itself.
36
Q

Explain cognitive strategies to deal with obsessions:

A

Sufferers adopt cognitive coping strategies to deal with the anxiety but these often make the person appear abnormal to others and it can distract them from daily tasks.

37
Q

Give an example of someone using a cognitive strategy to deal with obsessions:

A

A religious person tormented by obsessive guilt may respond by praying and meditating for long times.

38
Q

Are sufferers aware that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational?

A

Yes, they are aware but cannot stop them.

39
Q

Explain why OCD sufferers may tend to be hyper-vigilant:

A

Because they maintain constant alertness to keep attention focused for any potential hazards.

40
Q

Explain what is meant by an obsessive thought:

A

A persistent, intrusive, recurring thought or image.

41
Q

Give an example of an obsessive thought for someone with a compulsive hand washing regime:

A

A recurring worry about being contaminated with dirt and germs.

42
Q

What method is used to diagnose someone with OCD an make sure that their diagnosis is reliable?

A

The test-retest method where they go to many doctors and the degree to which they all agree is the reliability of the diagnosis.

43
Q

Why is the validity of OCD diagnosis often questioned?

A

Due to the self-report diagnosis’, it relies on the patient accurately reporting their symptoms which is subjective, doctors opinions are also subjective.

44
Q

What is comorbidity and where do we see it in OCD?

A

The presence of one or more additional disorder, OCD is often co-morbid with depression.

45
Q

Give an example of an obsessive thought for someone with a compulsive door lock checking regime:

A

The recurring thought of someone breaking into their house through the unlocked door.

46
Q

What three type of characteristics are shown in OCD sufferers?

A

Cognitive - the way you think.
Emotional - the way you feel.
Behavioural - the way you act.

47
Q

Obsessive thoughts differ in their nature, but what is true about all of them?

A

They all are unpleasant and cause anxiety.

48
Q

Catastrophe thoughts about the worst case scenario are a characteristic under which type?

A

Cognitive.

49
Q

Explain insight into excessive anxiety:

A
  • They are aware it is irrational.
  • Catastrophe thoughts about worst case scenarios.
  • Hypervigilant to keep a look out.

Psych (1.5) Psychopathology (11 decks)

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