Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Flashcards
What disorders fall under Obsessive and related disorders?
- OCD
- hoarding disorder
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- excoriation
- trichotillomania
What is the oldest recognized anxiety disorder?
OCD
In what edition of the DSM did OCD no longer fall under anxiety disorders?
DSM-V
What are the criteria needed to reach OCD diagnosis
- Obsessions, compulsions or both
- Time consuming (minimum 1 hour/day)
What are the specifiers of OCD?
Good/fair insight vs poor insight –> can reflect
delusions beliefs –> obsessive thoughts are far from reality
is it Tic related ?
What characterizes obsessions?
- Unpleasant and unwanted
- intrusive and inappropriate
- cause marked anxiety/distress
- NEED to be ego-dystonic
- uncontrollable
- thoughts do not reflect who they are but they recognize that these thoughts are theirs (not delusional)
- thoughts however are not grounded in reality
People with OCD almost never act on their impulses
what are the different types of obsessions?
- Contamination (of themselves or others) –> most common
- Uncertainty (doubts whether they did something)
- Aggressive ( afraid of hurting someone)
- Symmetry/exactness (need for order)
- Sexual (unenjoyed)
- Somatic (fear of body corruption like aids or cancer)
What characterizes compulsions?
- Repetitive behaviours or thoughts
- Attempts to neutralize or suppress obsessions –> to counteract thoughts
- compulsions are negatively reinforced because they reduce anxiety
- do not bring pleasure just relief
- belief that they MUST perform the behaviour if not something bad will happen
What are some common compulsions?
- Washing
- Checking
- Repeating
- Mental (good thought to undo the bad)
Can you have an OCD diagnosis without engaging in compulsions? What about having compulsions without obsessions?
Yes!
1/4 of OCD only have obsession –> but sometimes they actually engage in mental compulsions so its just hard to detect because their behaviour isn’t overt
Very rare to have compulsions without obsessions –> most common in children (i.e. counting, ordering, touching)
What is the cognitive model of OCD?
- Obsessive thoughts are common but those with OCD experience them as extremely upsetting and harmful and blame themselves for having them
-Compulsions in OCD are due to deficits in short-term memory –> they have a hard time remembering if they did something or just thought they did (troubles in reality testing)
What is Grayson’s theory of intolerance of uncertainty in regards to OCD?
Those with OCD (and also GAD) get extremely anxious in uncertain situations –> they believe they lack the proper skills to manage these uncertainties and thus compulsions are a way for them to feel more tolerant and secure.
What is thought action fusion? What is the difference between moral and likelihood TAF?
The belief that simply thinking something can affect some sort of change in the real world (magical thinking)
Moral TAF = thinking something is as bad as doing the act
Likelihood TAF = thinking something will increase the probability of something happening
How does neutralization affect anxiety levels and desires to neutralize?
When you neutralize a thought, anxiety levels decrease BUT anxiety decreases over time no matter what –> neutralizing and not neutralizing groups experience the same levels of anxiety
The effect that neutralizing actually does it that reduces ones desire to neutralize
Evidence that compulsions don’t actually reduce anxiety, they just give us a sense of control over our environment –. an illusion that we can affect change.
What is disgust proneness and how does this related to OCD?
Disgust proneness is a trait that influences how often and how severely we are disgusted
- Belief that OCD reflect a false contamination alarm –> they think that they will catch the immoral thoughts just like germs
- Explains some of the challenges to treatment –> you can agree with the client that it is morally wrong but you have to convince them that they shouldn’t be anxious about it
