Observing & Measuring Behaviour

Question 0

Advantages of systematic observation

Answer 0

Systematic
Permanent record of data
Extraneous variables controlled
Replication
Observer bias low
80%+ reliability

Question 1

Systematic observation

Answer 1

Data collected in way to maximise reliability. Involves coding system. Eg. Categorising behaviour

Question 2

Disadvantages of systematic observation

Answer 2

Lacks ecological validity
Lacks behavioural spontaneity
Ethics

Question 3

Naturalistic observation

Answer 3

Study subject in natural environment

Question 4

Types of naturalistic observation

Answer 4

Full participant observation
Participant as observer
Observer as participant

Question 5

Naturalistic observation advantages

Answer 5

Ecological validity

When controlled settings not pos

Question 6

Naturalistic observation disadvantages

Answer 6

Difficult to conduct
Can be obtrusive
Observer bias higher
Replication difficulty

Question 7

When observing behaviours defined by:

Answer 7

Form

Consequence

Question 8

Behaviour form

Answer 8

Description based on form ie distinguishing running from walking

Question 9

Behaviour consequence

Answer 9

What behaviour achieves

Question 10

3 obvious behaviour measures

Answer 10

Latency (some event to first occurance)
Frequency
Duration

Question 11

Types of observation

Answer 11

Continuous

Time-sampling

Question 12

Reliability in behaviour observation

Answer 12

Extent to which measurements are consistent or repeatable and differ from occasion to occasion.

Question 13

2 degrees of reliability

Answer 13

Index of concordance

Reliability coefficient

Question 14

Behaviour correlation

Answer 14

Two sets of observations and see how well they correlate

Question 15

Behaviours correlate (measures reliable) when score is:

Answer 15

.7 to -.8 or over

Question 16

Epistemology

Answer 16

Study of the origin, nature and limits of human knowledge

Question 17

Epistemology - positivism

Answer 17

One epistemology. Only study what is measurable. Anything else is irrelevant. Knowledge obtained through scientific method

Question 18

Other types of epistemology:

Answer 18

Social constructionism
Feminism
Queer theory

Question 19

Social constructionism

Answer 19

Research from a socially constructed perspective. How ppl construct their social reality

Question 20

Positivism research methodology is mainly

Answer 20

Quantitative

Question 21

Research not based on positivism use

Answer 21

Inductive approaches and are mostly qualitative

Question 22

2 groups of methods for qualitative research

Answer 22

Emphasis on meaning for participants

Emphasis on language use

Question 23

Thematic data analysis

Answer 23

Finds patterns or themes in data

Question 24

Foucaldian discourse data analysis

Answer 24

How statements/images structure the way a particular thing is thought about.

Question 25

Grounded theory data analysis

Answer 25

Theory induced/generated and grounded in the data.

Question 26

Interpretive phenomenological data analysis

Answer 26

Processes through which individuals make sense of their own experiences.

Question 27

Triangulation

Answer 27

Multiple methods (qual n quant) are used to help understand the said phenomonen.

Question 28

Triangulation aims to

Answer 28

Enhance validity of research