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Psychology1012 > Difference > Flashcards

Difference Flashcards

0
Q

Paired-samples t-test

A

2 experimental conditions and same participants took part in both. Tests diff bwtn 2 means

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1
Q

Independent t-test

A

2 experimental conditions and diff participants assigned to each one. Tests diff bwtn 2 means

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2
Q

Sample from same pop then means will be roughly

A

Equal

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3
Q

If standard error is small we assume

A

Samples to have similar means = accurate reflection of pop

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4
Q

Signal-to-noise ratio

A

Variance explained by the model divided by variance that the model can’t explain. Effect/error

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5
Q

Variance sum law

A

Variance of a difference btwn 2 independent variables is = to sum of their variances

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6
Q

Standard error

A

Tells how much variability there is in this statistic across sample distribution from same pop. Take SD divide by square root of N

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7
Q

Sampling distribution

A

The distribution of possible values if a given statistic that we could expect to get from a given pop

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8
Q

Dividing standard error does 2 things:

A

Standardises average difference between conditions

Contrasting the diff bwtn means against the diff that we expect to get

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9
Q

If difference btwn samples is large and standard error of diff small

A

Confident our difference is not by chance

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10
Q

t-statistic

A

Ratio of the systematic variation in the experiment to the unsystematic variation.

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11
Q

Parametric test

A

Test that requires data from one of the large catalogue of distributions that statisticians have described.

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12
Q

t-test assumptions

A

Based on normal distribution.

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13
Q

Differences btwn 2 or more means

A

t-tests, ANOVA, MANOVA

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14
Q

Relationship models

A

Correlation, regression

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15
Q

Descriptive stats

A

Mode median mean. SD. Describing data

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16
Q

Inferential stats

A

Draw inferences about populations from samples

17
Q

Z score

A

Standardise scores relative to sample. Standardising scores. Calculate raw scores. Correspond to units of standard error

18
Q

If conclude that sample mean has come from a pop with a given mean…

A

It has a relatively low z score (closer to middle)
High prob of occurring by chance in the pop
Retain null hypothesis

19
Q

1.96

A

Is the point of rejection in a 2 tailed test

20
Q

Directional hypothesis - must argue…

A

If good research evidence then you can use directional hypothesis.

21
Q

Alpha levels

A

.05 test result would occur 5% or less of time by chance

22
Q

Non directional (2tailed) test alpha levels

A

1.96 (.025 in each tail)

23
Q

Directional (1tailed) test

A

1.67 (.05 in one tail only)

24
Q

If z >1.96 p must be <.05 meaning

A

Z is sign - reject null

25
Q

Z-test

A

Based on zscore formula but using the formula for the sampling distribution of means. Sample mean / pop mean - standard error

26
Q

Z (1.67) is < critical z (1.96) WHICH MEANS…

A

Retain null

27
Q

Test statistic greater than critical value (ie z) then…

A

Significant effect

28
Q

T-distribution when large (large sample) is…

A

Normal distribution

29
Q

T-distribution is small (small sample) below 30

A

Flatter than normal distribution. Harder to detect a difference!!

30
Q

Have to be ……… Than critical t for there to be a difference

A

BIGGER

31
Q

One sample t-test

A

Data from a single sample - u want to know whether the mean of the pop from which the sample comes from is the same as some hypothesised mean

32
Q

Critical t depends on…

A

The sample size

33
Q

Sampling variation

A

Extent to which a statistic (z, t) varies in samples taken from same pop

34
Q

What does kolmogorov-Smirnoff test measure?

A

Wether a distribution of scores is significantly did from normal distribution

35
Q

Significant result from kolmogorov-Smirnoff test inidicates

A

Deviation from normality. Affected by size of sample though!

36
Q

Which alpha level is more conservative?

A

.01

37
Q

Most accepted level of probability…

A

.05

38
Q

What does kolmogorov-Smirnoff test measure?

A

Wether a distribution of scores is significantly did from normal distribution

39
Q

Significant result from kolmogorov-Smirnoff test inidicates

A

Deviation from normality. Affected by size of sample though!

40
Q

Which alpha level is more conservative?

A

.01

41
Q

Most accepted level of probability…

A

.05

Psychology1012 (10 decks)

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