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Research Methods > Observations > Flashcards

Observations Flashcards

1
Q

What is a naturalistic observation?

A

Watching and recording behaviour in a setting it would usually take place

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2
Q

What is a controlled observation?

A

Watching/Recording behaviour in a structured environment with variables organised by the researcher

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3
Q

What is a covert observation?

A

When participants are unaware they’re being watched/recorded

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4
Q

What is an overt observation?

A

Participants are aware they are being watched and recorded

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5
Q

What is a participant observation?

A

Researcher is involved in the group being observed

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6
Q

What is a non-participant observation?

A

Researcher observes from a distance and is not involved in the experiment

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7
Q

Strengths of a naturalistic observation?

A
  • High ecological and external validity
  • As performed in real-life situation
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8
Q

Weaknesses of a naturalistic observation?

A
  • Low ecological if participants become aware they’re being watched
  • Replication can be difficult
  • Confounding and extraneous variables present
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9
Q

Strengths of a controlled observation?

A
  • Researchers can focus on a particular aspect of behaviour so more control over extraneous variables
  • Easy replication
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10
Q

Weaknesses of a controlled observation?

A
  • More unnatural behaviour as in an unnatural environment
  • Low mundane realism so low ecological validity
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11
Q

Strengths of a covert observation?

A
  • High internal validity as natural behaviour
  • Removes participant reactivity
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12
Q

Weaknesses of a covert observation?

A
  • Ethical issues as no informed consent
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13
Q

Strengths of an overt observation?

A
  • Ethically acceptable as informed consent
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14
Q

Weaknesses of an overt observation?

A
  • More likely to be unnatural behaviour so lacks validity
  • Demand characteristics also reducing validity
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15
Q

Strengths of a participant observation?

A
  • Can be more insightful increasing validity
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16
Q

Weaknesses of a participant observation?

A
  • May change behaviours and researcher may loose objectivity
17
Q

Strengths of a non-participant observation?

A
  • Researcher can be more objective as less likely to identify with participants
18
Q

Weaknesses of a non-participant observation?

A
  • Open to observer bias
  • May loose some valuable insight as not involved

Research Methods (10 decks)

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