observational research

Question 1

field research is?

Answer 1

research involving observing naturally occurring behaviors in natural condtions

Question 2

methods for field research include:

Answer 2

naturalistic observation, archival research, case study, surveys, program evaualtion, field exeriments

Question 3

low constraint methods such as observations have what traits?

Answer 3

focus on natrual flow of behavior, and flexible, do not envolve manipulation

Question 4

which research methods are low constraint?

Answer 4

naturalistic observations, case studies, archival resreach

Question 5

naturalistic observation is the:

Answer 5

observation and systematic reording of naturally occurring events

Question 6

advantages of naturalistic observation are:

Answer 6

data reflects natural behaviour, data can be collected when an experiments would be unethical/not practical, can collect large amounts of data from large variety of behaviours

Question 7

disadvantages of naturalistic observations are:

Answer 7

measurement of behavior can be unreliable, informed consent can be difficult to obtain (no longer a ‘natural’ environment)

Question 8

case studies look at:

Answer 8

a single person or small group.

Question 9

case study advantages:

Answer 9

able to collect large amounts of data, can study rare behavior and disorders,, complex issues can be studied this way

Question 10

case study disadvantages:

Answer 10

does not test a hypothesis, can not draw conclusions on casualty, findings can not be generalized.

Question 11

archival research make use of:

Answer 11

preexistening data records

Question 12

archival research advantages:

Answer 12

large amount of available data, can be very cheap, data exists in variety of forms, data covers large amount of behaviours

Question 13

archival research disadvantages:

Answer 13

no control of how data was collected, selective deposits and survival rates, high probability of ,missing data

Question 14

The difference between unobtrusive and a participant observer is:

Answer 14

one avoids influencing participant (unobtrusive), and one becomes art of the situation (participant)

Question 15

Reactivity is when:

Answer 15

participants act diffidently because they know they are being observed

Question 16

AB
ABA
ABAB

Answer 16

base line, IV
baseline, IV, remove IV (baseline)
baseline, IV, remove IV (baseline), re-ad IV

Question 17

multiple baseline across participants:

Answer 17

Measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the IV at different times for different people

Question 18

multiple baseline across behaviors:

Answer 18

Involves only one participant, but assesses the effect

of the IV on several different behaviors

Question 19

multiple baselines across situations:

Answer 19

Involves only one participant, but assesses the effect
of the IV on a behavior in several different
situations