Observational learning

Question 1

observational learning

Answer 1

the process of learning through watching others (models) and the reinforcement they receive

• observational learning is sometimes also referred to as shaping, modeling and vicarious reinforcement

Question 2

albert bundura and the bobo doll

Answer 2

bandura demonstrated that young children would imitate the violent and agressive actions of an adult model

split sample into 3

24 children were shown a model behaving more aggressively towards a bobo doll punching

24 children were behaving non- aggresively towards the bobo doll

24 children were shown no model

Question 3

albert bundura and the bobo doll

Answer 3

bandura demonstrated that young children would imitate the violent and agressive actions of an adult model

split sample into 3

24 children were shown a model behaving more aggressively towards a bobo doll punching

24 children were behaving non- aggresively towards the bobo doll

24 children were shown no model

Question 4

how is arousal applied to bobo doll

Answer 4

mild arousal task placed in a room full of toys but told that other children had been given better toys

children were then placed in a room with aggressive toys and non- aggressive toys and a bobo doll and were observed for 20 min

Question 5

4 important factors in observational learning

Answer 5

1.attention
individuals pay attention to the modelled behaviour

2.retention
individuals make a mental representation of the behaviour and retains it

3. reproduction

the mental representation is turned into an action that the individual is capable of producing.

4. motivation
   The individual needs to be motivated to reproduce the behaviour. typically influenced by reinforcement (received or vicarious), and the importance of the model

Question 6

what are the 3 stages of the bobo doll experiment

Answer 6

modelling, aggression arousal and test for delayed imitation

Question 7

Attention

Answer 7

must be paying attention to the and the behaviour
most likely to pay attention if a model is
- attractive
- similar to the observer
prestigious
same gender

Question 8

retention

Answer 8

must be able to remember the behaiviour

Question 9

reproduction initiation/motor

Answer 9

observers must have the physical and mental capacity to replicate what they observed

Question 10

motivation

Answer 10

must have reason to imitate the behaviour
include

• an observation that the model received reinforcement for the behaviour
• an incentive to perform the behaviour

Question 11

what was bandura findings

Answer 11

found that children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to pursue physically aggressive behaviour than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model. The results concerning gender differences strongly satisfies bandura’s prediction that the same-sex models have more influence over children

Question 12

what is the bobo doll experiment

Answer 12

albert bundura conducted this experiment where he placed children in a room with an adult, toy and five foot bobo doll

Question 13

stage 1 modelling

Answer 13

study was separated into three groups
control group
two groups were in the room with the model who was simply an adult
one adult punching bobo doll

Another adult hit bobo doll in the head with a mallet

another group did not see any aggressive behaviour

Question 14

aggression arousal

Answer 14

after 10 minutes of being in the room with the model the children were taken into another room where they had attractive toys then after they were engaged they took them away and put them in the other children room

Question 15

delayed imitation

Answer 15

the third room contained a set of aggressive and non agressive toys