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Psychology > Observation and natural observation in child psychologyb > Flashcards

Observation and natural observation in child psychologyb Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 main types of observation used when studying children?

A 
Naturalistic 
Structured
Overt 
Covert 
Non participant
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1
Q

What are observations and how are they used?

Keywords
Watching
Recording
Live 
Later
One way mirror
Hidden
A

Observations involve watching and recording behaviour as it is seen.

Behaviour may be observed live, recorded for later viewing or observed using a one way mirror so the observers are hidden from the child’s view

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2
Q

What is naturalistic observation and how isit used in child psychology?

Keywords
Natural setting

A

Naturalistic observation is where behaviour is observed in a natural setting for the child such as at the home, nursery or school

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3
Q

What is overt observation in child psychology?

A

Child is aware they are being studied

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4
Q

What is covert observation in child psychology and what must be gained?

Keywords
Permission
Parents

A

The child is unaware, but permission must be gained from the parent so they have fully informed consent

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5
Q

What is non participant observation in child psychology?

A

Mainly used

The researcher watches from a distant

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6
Q

Why could participant observation be used in child psychology

A

Because the researcher may join a class as a training teacher or lsa so he/she can take part in activities alongside the child

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7
Q

how is qualitative data gathered using observations in child pyschology?

A

Uses detailed description of what the child is doing

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8
Q

How is quantitative data gathered on child psychology when using observations as an rm?

Keyword
Coding
Cateogrising behaviour

A

Through coding schemes and cateogrising behaviour which is being observed for example counting how many times a child plays with a toy or girls play with opposite sex etc

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9
Q

What is time sampling and how isit used in child psychology when using observations?

Keywords
Period of time

A

When researchers observe behaviours for a particular period of time e.g. 10 seconds for every minute/the remaining so seconds they take notes

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10
Q

What is an example of event sampling in child psychology when using observation?

A

Researchers only record specific events e.g. When a girl plays with a boys you

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11
Q

Why do some researchers use naturalistic observation when researching into child psychology ?

Keywords
Manipulation
variables

A

Because there is no manipulation of the environment or variables

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12
Q 
How did parten use naturalistic observation?
Keywords
Play 
Cateogies of play
Age
A

Parten used naturalistic observation when looking at play and found categories of play according to the child’s age

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13
Q

When observing play where might the natural social interaction take place?

A

To observe play, a researcher might choose a playground to observe the natural social interactions which take place

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14
Q

Why might naturalistic observation be used instead of structured observation ?

Keywords
Inteference
Contrived task or activity 
Unrealistic 
Costly
Affect behaviour
A

In a natural observation there is no Inteference from a contrived task or activity, so are often used when structured observation would be unrealistic, too costly or would affect the child’s behaviour too much

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15
Q

Why did ainsworth use naturalistic observation when studying parent-child realationship in Uganda?

Keywords
Months
Hours 
Home
Natural
A

As ainsworth was interested in studying parent child relationship in Uganda, this meant that her observations took place over many months and for several hours at a time and were mainly in home, where interaction is more natural

16
Q 
Why are naturalistic observations high in ecological validity?
Keywords
Natural surroundings
Spontaneous 
True to life 
Behaviour
Generalised
A

This is because the children are observed in their natural surroundings whereby there interactions and behaviours with others is spontaneous as it would be normally

Because the children are in the context where their behaviours naturally occur this means it is true to life and the results can be generalised to real life situations

17
Q

If the child is aware they are being observed how might this affect the study ?

A

The study would be low in validity as it may affect the validity of the results for example the presence of a video or observers may behave differently than normal

18
Q 
How might researchers experience observer drift and why would observer bias pose as a potential threat whilst conducting a naturalistic observation?
Key words 
Move away 
Recordings
Accuracy
A

Researchers may experience observer drift where they move away from what they planned to observe and observer bias may affect the recording of the results thus lowering the accuracy of the findings

19
Q

Why would naturalistic observation be high in reliability

Keywords
Researcher bias
Controlled 
Interobserver reliability 
Consistent
A

Researcher bias can be controlled for this is because naturalistic observations use more than one observer in every situation allowing inter observer reliability to be checked for and to produce consistent results

20
Q

Give me another reason as to why naturalistic observations are high in reliability?

Keywords 
Trained
Time sampling 
Tallying
Categories
Cross checking
A

Another reason is that it uses will trained observers who carry out time sampling carefully with tallying and well prepared categories, allowing the results to be cross checked

21
Q 
Why is naturalistic observAtions low in reliability?
Key words
Extraneous variables 
Presence of teacher 
Playground skirmish
A

Extraneous variables that might crop up in a real environment are not controlled such as time of day, the situation, the set of children and observers

Even in a school playground children’s behaviour may be affected by the presence of a teacher or a playground

This makes them difficult to replicate as identical conditions will be unlikely to be repeated so data cannot be tested easily for consistent results

Psychology (5 decks)

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