observation Flashcards
research methods and techniques
what is a structured observation?
-the observed behaviour is guided by specific behavioural categories such as a coding frame
-generates quantitative data
what is an unstructured observation?
-non focused and no coding frames to guide it
-generating qualitative data
what is a naturalistic observation?
-observed in a natural setting that the participants are likely to already be in
what is a controlled observation?
-observed in a controlled setting, such as a two way mirror
what is a participant observation?
-the researcher is involved with the participants who are observed
what is a non-participant observation?
-the researcher is stood apart from the participants of those they are observing
-they look in from the outside
what is an overt observation?
-the participants know they are being observed
what is a covert observation?
-the participants do not know they are being observed
what is a coding frame?
-behaviours which are operationalised to recognise specific behaviours in an observation
what is time sampling?
-a time period is observed and broken up into intervals
what is event sampling?
-the observer keeps a count of when a behaviour happens
what is one zero sampling?
-during each time interval, one record is made from the chosen behaviour
-no further record is made after that one time
what is instantaneous scan sampling?
-no records are made until the end of the time record
what is predominant activity sampling?
-observation is continuous and an estimate is made relative to the activity occupying the most time
