OBS & GYNE Ch. 13 US in First Trimester Flashcards
Acrosome
area in head of sperm contains enzymes to aid penetration of oocyte
Amnion
Membrane enclosing amniotic cavity and embryo/fetus
Aneuploidy
Abnormal number of chromosomes
Blastocyst
Early gestation made up of trophoblast (outer layer cells), embryoblast (inner cell mass) and fluid filled cavity
Chorion
Membrane around chorionic cavity made up of trophoblast cells and extraembryonic mesoderm
Chorionic villi
Budlike outward growths from trophoblasts, some give rise to fetal portion of placenta
Conceptual age
Duration pregnancy, counted from fertilization (conception), AKA embryonic age or postovulatory age
Conceptus
Product of fertilization, including all stages from zygote to fetus
Corpus luteum
Progesterone-secreting structure formed by follicle after releasing its oocyte
Crown-rump length (CRL)
Measurement longest axis of embryo to determine gestational age
Estimated date of delivery (EDD)
Due date, calculated by adding 280 days to first day of LMP, aka estimated date of confinement (EDC)
Decidualization
Endometrial changes to allow implantation of blastocyst
Estrogen
group of hormones, primarily produced in ovaries, affect secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle
Fertilization
Penetration of oocyte by sperm to form diploid zygote
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone produced in anterior pituitary, which stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle
Gamete
Haploid cell that, when merged with gamete from opposite sex, creates diploid zygote
Gestational age (GA, aka menstrual age)
duration of pregnancy, counted from first day of LMP, preg lasts 260 days or 40 weeks
First trimester
0 days (first day LMP) to end 13th week
Second trimester
14 weeks to end of 27th week
Third trimester
28 weeks to delivery
Gestational sac
First sonographic evidence of intrauterine preg, fluid-filled blastocyst
Gravidity
Number of times woman has been pregnant
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
hormone produced by trophoblasts, extends life of CL in ovary; most preg tests based on this hormone
LMP
first day of last menstrual period
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone produced by anterior pituitary, triggers ovulation
Mean sac diameter (MSD)
Average diameter of GS, used to determine gest age
Morula
Solid cluster undifferentiated cells, formed by repeated cleavage of the single cell resulted from fusion of two gametes
Nuchal translucency
Subcutaneous fluid in post region of neck of embryo and fetuses up to 14 weeks gest age; abnormally large risk of chromosomal and structural abnormalities
Oocyte
female gamete; aka ovum or egg
Parity
Summary of a woman’s pregnancy outcomes.
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A)
Protein produced by trophoblasts; abnormal levels may be associated with chromosomal abnormalities
Progesterone
Hormone produced by CL and placenta
Spermatozoon
male gamete
Umbilical vesicle (aka yolk sac)
structure within blastocyst cavity, provides nourishment to embryo and produces its first blood cells, the seconday umbilical vesicle is first structure to be sonographically seen within GS
Zygote
single cell resulting from fusion of two gametes