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obs and gynae peer teaching Flashcards

1
Q

what is an APH

A

vaginal bleeding from 24 weeks

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2
Q

Minor antepartum haemorhage volume

A

less than 50ml

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3
Q

major antepartum haemorhage volume

A

50-1000ml

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4
Q

massive antepartum haemorhage volume

A

1000+ml

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5
Q

cervical cancer cause

A

HPV 16 and 18

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6
Q

cervical cancer risk factors

A

HPV, no smear testing, combined contraceptive pill over 5 years, smoking, family History, immunosuppression

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7
Q

what is HPV 6 and 11 associated with

A

genital warts

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8
Q

Cervical cancer symptoms

A

vaginal bleeding, discharge and discomfort
change in bowel habits

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9
Q

Cervical cancer signs

A

bulky pelvis, mass, abnormal white/red patch on cervix, inflamation/ulceration

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10
Q

cervical cancer investigation

A

urgent colposcopy
CT abdo-pelvis - staging
swabs to excluding infection

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11
Q

cervical cancer screening program

A

ever 3 years from 25-49
every 5 years from 50-64

if HIV positive/immunocompromise screened annually

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12
Q

cervical cancer management

A

stage 1 - gold standard hysterectomy with lymph node clearance. to preserve fertility cone biopsy/LLETZ
Stage 2+ - radio + chemotherapy

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13
Q

endometrial cancer type

A

adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

cervical cancer type

A

squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
small cell cancer

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15
Q

endometrial cancer risk factors

A

nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, oestrogen only HRT, tamoxifen, obesity, type 2 diabetes, PCOS

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16
Q

endometrial cancer protective factors

A

smoking, combined oral contraceptive/Mirena coil, multiparity

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17
Q

endometrial cancer presentation and examination

A

post menopausal/postcoital/intermenstrual bleeding
enlarged uterus on examination

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18
Q

endometrial cancer investigation

A

2 week wait (age 55 with post menstrual bleeding) - transvaginal ultrasound
gold standard - hysteroscopy + biopsy

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19
Q

endometrial cancer treatment

A

total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

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20
Q

ovarian cancer type

A

epithelial cell/serous tumour - most common
benign - teratoma’s (contain teeth/skin)

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21
Q

ovarian caner risk factor

A

BRCA1/2, early menarche/late menopause, older age, nulliparity, smoking/obesity

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22
Q

ovarian cancer symptoms

A

bloating, loss of appetite, weight loss, pelvic pain, urinary frequency

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23
Q

ovarian cancer investigation

A

tumour marker CA125
pelvic ultrasound

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24
Q

ovarian cancer treatment

A

surgical
chemotherapy

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25
vaginal cancer type
Squamous cell Carcinoma
26
Vaginal cancer risk factor
trans/non-binary with vagina, hysterectomy, HPV, HIV, 75+,
27
vaginal cancer symptoms
mass in vagina, ulcers, bleeding, itching, blood stained discharge
28
vaginal cancer investigation
speculum, colposcopy + biopsy
29
vulval cancer type
squamous cell carcinoma
30
vulval cancer risk facrors
75+, immunosuppression, HPV, lichen sclerosis
31
vulval cancer presentation
lump/ulcer on labia majora, bleeding, pain, inguinal lymphadenopathy, lichen sclerosis
32
Endometriosis symptoms
severe painful periods, cyclical pain, infertility, dyspareunia (pain around sex) dysuria, haematuria
33
endometriosis investigation
Transvaginal ultrasound - large endometriomas, chocolate cysts gold standard - laparoscopy + biopsy
34
endometriosis pathophysiology
endometrial cells outside of the uterus still undergo menstrual cycle and shed blood into abdomen causing inflamation - severe pain
35
endometriosis management
pain - NSAIDS + paracetamol medical - combined/progesterone only pill, GNRH Mirena coil surgical - laparoscopic ablation and adhesion removal
36
endometriosis complications
infertility, pelvic ablations, rupture cysts, bowel obstruction, chronic pelvic pain
37
Ovarian torsion symptoms
sudden onset unilateral pelvic pain, nausea + vomiting
38
ovarian torsion cause
39
ovarian torsion investigaiton
40
ovarian torsion treatment
laproscopic surgery
41
ovarian torsion complications
42
what is adenomyosis
endometrial tissue in myometrium
43
adenomyosis signs
enlarged boggy uterus
44
adenomyosis investigation
transvaginal ultrasound gold standard - hysterectomy+histology
45
adenomyosis management
46
adenomyosis complications
infertility, miscarriage, premature birth, small for gestational age, PPH
47
pelvic inflamatory disease cause
STI - chlamydia, gonorea, mycoplasma non-sti - haemophilius infuenzae/e.coli
48
pelvic inflamatory disease symptoms
49
Pelvic inflamatory disease investigations
swabs, HIV, syphilis - high vaginal swabs with pus cells C125 can be raised
50
pelvic inflamatory disease management
IM cephtriaxone - gonorea doxycycline - chlamydia metronidazole
51
pelvic inflamatory disease complications
52
what is fitz hugh curtis symdrome
inflamation of the liver capsule that causes adhesions
53
PCOS symptoms
darkening under armpits (acanthosis nigricans), irregular periods/amenorrhea, hirsutism, male pattern hair loss, acne, obesity
54
PCOS pathophysiology
55
PCOS diagnostic criteria
anovulation Polycusic overies hyperandrogenism
56
PCOS associated conditions
57
PCOS investigations
transvaginal ultrasound - string of pearls, raised testosterone
58
PCOS management
59
causes of primary amenorrhea
60
causes of secondary amenorrhea
61
what is primary vs secondary amenorrhea
62
pcos criteria name
Rotterdam criteria
63
what staging system is used for endometrial cancer
FIGO
64
vaginal cancer management
chemo/radiotherapy. Surgery
65
vulval cancer investigations
biopsy of lesion and sentinel lymph nodes CT abdo pelvis staging
66
vulval cancer management
wide local excision to remove cancer groin lymph node dissection chemo/radiotherapy
67
endometriosis signs
tender nodularity on posterior vaginal fornix tender vagina uterus and cervix on examination reduced organ mobility
68
What is chandelier sign
Pain on cervical motion tenderness

3A Flashcards (9 decks)

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