obs and gynae peer teaching Flashcards
what is an APH
vaginal bleeding from 24 weeks
Minor antepartum haemorhage volume
less than 50ml
major antepartum haemorhage volume
50-1000ml
massive antepartum haemorhage volume
1000+ml
cervical cancer cause
HPV 16 and 18
cervical cancer risk factors
HPV, no smear testing, combined contraceptive pill over 5 years, smoking, family History, immunosuppression
what is HPV 6 and 11 associated with
genital warts
Cervical cancer symptoms
vaginal bleeding, discharge and discomfort
change in bowel habits
Cervical cancer signs
bulky pelvis, mass, abnormal white/red patch on cervix, inflamation/ulceration
cervical cancer investigation
urgent colposcopy
CT abdo-pelvis - staging
swabs to excluding infection
cervical cancer screening program
ever 3 years from 25-49
every 5 years from 50-64
if HIV positive/immunocompromise screened annually
cervical cancer management
stage 1 - gold standard hysterectomy with lymph node clearance. to preserve fertility cone biopsy/LLETZ
Stage 2+ - radio + chemotherapy
endometrial cancer type
adenocarcinoma
cervical cancer type
squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
small cell cancer
endometrial cancer risk factors
nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, oestrogen only HRT, tamoxifen, obesity, type 2 diabetes, PCOS
endometrial cancer protective factors
smoking, combined oral contraceptive/Mirena coil, multiparity
endometrial cancer presentation and examination
post menopausal/postcoital/intermenstrual bleeding
enlarged uterus on examination
endometrial cancer investigation
2 week wait (age 55 with post menstrual bleeding) - transvaginal ultrasound
gold standard - hysteroscopy + biopsy
endometrial cancer treatment
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
ovarian cancer type
epithelial cell/serous tumour - most common
benign - teratoma’s (contain teeth/skin)
ovarian caner risk factor
BRCA1/2, early menarche/late menopause, older age, nulliparity, smoking/obesity
ovarian cancer symptoms
bloating, loss of appetite, weight loss, pelvic pain, urinary frequency
ovarian cancer investigation
tumour marker CA125
pelvic ultrasound
ovarian cancer treatment
surgical
chemotherapy
vaginal cancer type
Squamous cell Carcinoma
Vaginal cancer risk factor
trans/non-binary with vagina, hysterectomy, HPV, HIV, 75+,
vaginal cancer symptoms
mass in vagina, ulcers, bleeding, itching, blood stained discharge