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3A Flashcards > Neuro peer teaching > Flashcards

Neuro peer teaching Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of strokes are ischemic

A

85%

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2
Q

haemorrhagic stroke symptoms

A

Raised ICP - nausea vomiting seizures

Plus neurological dysfunction

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3
Q

TIA definition

A

a transient episode of neurological defecit caused by temporary focal ischaemia without acute infarction

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4
Q

Ischaemic stroke risk factor

A

hypertension
AF
age
diabetes

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5
Q

frontal lobe function

A

Prefrontal cortex - personality, decision making, emotional processing
precentral gyrus - contralateral motor control

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6
Q

parietal lobe function

A

postcentral gyrus - sensory cortex -

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7
Q

occipital lobe function

A

sight - visual comprehension, colour, reading comprehension

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8
Q

temporal lobe function

A

Hearing, memory formation

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9
Q

Broca’s area

A

production of speech

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10
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

comprehension of speach

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11
Q

Anterior cerebral artery stoke - which area of brain and symptoms

A

Frontal lobe/parietal lobe

contralateral weakness and sensory loss lower limb more than upper

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12
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery stroke - which lobes of brain and what symptoms

A

temporal/parietal/occipital

contralateral limb weakness upper more than lower
aphasia
contralateral homonymous hemianopia

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13
Q

posterior cerebral artery - which area of brain and what symptoms

A

occipital
contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
visual agnosia

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14
Q

Weber’s stroke area supply and symptoms

A

midbrain/cerebral peduncle and ipsilateral third nerve palsy (down and out eye, loss of
efferent pupilary light reflex and ptosis)

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15
Q

ophthalmic artery stroke area supply and symptoms

A

optic nerve and amaurosis fugax - transient

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16
Q

basilar artery stoke symtoms

A

locked-in syndrome unable to move limbs

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17
Q

Bamford classification + interpretation

A

Look speak move

homonymous hemianopia
dysphasia/higher cognitive function
weakness/sensory loss

All 3 = total anterior infarct (anterior + middle cerebral arteries)
⅔ = partial anterior infarct
ONLY weakness/ONLY sensory loss = lacunar infarct
ONLY homonymous hemianopia = posterior circulation infarct

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18
Q

stroke investigation 1st and 2nd line

A

1st non contrast CT head
2nd MRI/CT angiogram

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19
Q

Stroke scoring system

A

rosier score

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20
Q

TIA management

A

within 1 week - 300mg aspirin, assessment within 24 hours
over 1 week - special assessment within 7 days

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21
Q

TIA imaging

A

diffusion weighted MRI

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22
Q

TIA prevention long term

A

first 21 days aspirin+clopidigral
after 21 just clopidogrel
If AF - DOAC - rivaroxaban/apixaban

Always High dose statin

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23
Q

ischaemic Stroke management

A

non-contrast CT head
aspirin 300mg

within 4.5 hours - alteplase (thrombolysis)
If after 4.5 - if possibility of salvage on CT perfusion still give

mechanical thrombectomy possible if before 6 hours, or 24 if salvage possible on CT perfusion

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24
Q

ischaemic stroke secondary prevention

A

clopidogrel 75mg
if AF: DOAC - rivaroxaban/apixaban
statin

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25
Q

extradural haemorhage

A

convex (lemon shaped)
middle meningeal artery
short lucid interval
trauma
craniotomy and evacuation

26
Q

subdural haemorhage

A

concave
bridging vessels
long lucid interval
young or old
surgical decompression and burr hole

27
Q

subarachnoid haemorhage

A

in Dural space (spaceman)
berry aneurism rupture (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease)
thunderclap headache
oral nimodipine plus clipping/coiling

28
Q

Seizure definition

A

sudden uncontrolled disorganised electrical activity in the brain that can cause temporary changes in behaviour, muscle tone and consciousness

29
Q

epilepsy definition

A

a neurological disorder that causes seizures

30
Q

status epilepticus definition

A

Single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes
2 or more seizures within a 5 minute period

31
Q

Focal seizure definition

A

seizure activity in one lobe of brain

32
Q

status epilepticus treatment

A

buccal midazolam/IV lorazepam - IV if access, buccal pre hospital (try 2 dose 5 minutes apart)

then IV phenytoin/sodium valproate
Then call anaesthetics

33
Q

focal Seizure prevention

A

Levetiracetam/lamotrigine

34
Q

Tonic clonic Seizure prevention

A

Men - sodium valproate
Women - Levetiracetam/lamotrigine

35
Q

myoClonic Seizure prevention

A

Men - sodium valproate
Women - Levetiracetam

36
Q

tonic/atonic Seizure prevention

A

Men - sodium valproate
Women - lamotrigine

37
Q

Absence seizures prevention

A

Ethosuximide

38
Q

meningitis/encephalitis symptoms

A

Fever, headache, nausea, photophobia, purpuric (non-blanching) rash (meningitis)

drowsiness, seizures (encephalitis more common

39
Q

Meningitis signs

A

Kernig’s sign - straighten knee causes pain
Brudzinski’s - flex neck knee comes up

40
Q

bacterial LP

A

Turbid colour, low glucose, high protein, high WCC

41
Q

Viral LP

A

high white cell count - lymphocytic predominance

42
Q

GP suspects Meningitis

A

IM Benpen

43
Q

hospital meningitis treatment

A

IV cefotaxime/ceftriaxone
IV dexamethasone once organism confirmed

44
Q

LP contraindications

A

Raised ICP
Anticoagulant therapy (i.e. Warfarin)
Thrombocytopenia or other clotting disorders
Suspicion of a spinal abscess
Risk of herniation eg congenital abnormality

45
Q

Encephalitis causation organise and treatment

A

HSV 1
treatment is acyclovir

46
Q

Most common brain tumour in adults

A

glioblastoma - central tumour

47
Q

most common tumour in children

A

astrocytoma

48
Q

3rd nerve palsy symptoms

A

down and out eye, loss of
efferent pupilary light reflex and ptosis

49
Q

what causes a 3rd nerve palsy

A

weber’s stroke

50
Q

POSTERIOR inferior Cerebellar Artery infarct symptoms

A

ataxia, nystagmus
pain/temperature sensation loss (ipsilateral face, contralateral limb

51
Q

ANTERIOR inferior Cerebellar artery infarct symptoms

A

ataxia, nystagmus
pain/temperature sensation loss (ipsilateral face, contralateral limb
Deafness
facial paralysis

52
Q

Migraine symptoms

A

unilateral throbbing headache (lasts 1-72 hours)
aura
Nausea/vomiting
photophobia
phonophobia

53
Q

Migraine triggers

A

Chocolate
Hunger
Oral contraceptive
Caffeine
OL (alcohol)
A
Travel
Excersice

54
Q

Migraine acute management

A

Tripan eg sumatriptan
ibuprofen

55
Q

Migraine prophylaxis

A

propranolol
amitriptyline
topiramate

56
Q

cluster headache symptoms

A

15 minute long severe pain around eye with swelling

57
Q

cluster headache acute management

A

oxygen and subcut triptan

58
Q

Cluster headache prophylaxis

A

verapamil (calcium channel blocker)

59
Q

temporal arteritis symptoms

A

Older Pt
Unilateral
Jaw claudication
Tender scalp + palpable temporal artery
Raised ESR

60
Q

temporal arteritis management

A

URGENT glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone) + ophthalmology review

61
Q

trigeminal neuralgia symptoms

A

Unilateral electric shock pains
Evoked by light touch

62
Q

trigeminal neuralgia treatment

A

carbamazepine

3A Flashcards (9 decks)

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