Obligations Flashcards
What does juridical necessity mean?
one can court action
Real Obligation vs Personal Obligation
Real Obligation - to give
Personal Obligation - to do or not to do
Civil Obligation vs Natural Obligation
what law? juridical necessity?
Civil Obligation
- positive law
- has juridical necessity
Natural Obligation
- natural law
- no juridical necessity
Prescription Period of Civil Obligation
written? oral? quasi-contract? quasi-delict?
Written - 10 years
Oral - 6 years
Quasi-Contract - 6 years
Quasi-Delict - 4 years
Essential Elements of Obligation
PAPL (and specifics)
- Passive Subject - debtor / obligor
- Active Subject - creditor / obligee
- Prestation - subject matter (to give, to do, not to do)
- Legal Tie - reason why there is an obligation (sources of obligation)
can also be called Vinculum Juris
Can an obligation be oral?
YES (no form required for validity)
Sources of Obligation
- Law
example
not presumed, dapat nakalagay sa law
obligation of parents to support children
Sources of Obligation
- Quasi - Contract
definition and principle
- certain lawful, voluntary, unilateral acts
- no one unjustly enriched at expense of another
Kinds of Quasi Contract
- Negotiorum Gestio
2 requisites
- Neglected or abandoned
- WIthout consent or authority
Sources of Obligation
- Delict
what law supervise delict?
Revised Penal Code (not Civil Code)
If one is criminally liable, he is also civilly liable. T or F?
F (not always)
3 Examples of Civil Liability
- Restitution
- Reparation
- Indemnification
Sources of Obligation
- Quasi - Delict
Other Term, 4 Requisites
civil negligence / culpa aquilliana / torts
Requisites
1. no pre exisiting relation
2. act because of fault or negligence
3. caused damage
4. direct causal connection of act and damage
Obligations of Debtor to Give
Determinate Thing (4) vs Indeterminate Thing (2)
Determinate Thing
1. take care of the thing
2. deliver fruits, accessions, accessories
3. deliver the thing
4. answer for damages
Indeterminate Thing
1. deliver the thing
2. answer for damages
Preserve the Thing (DGFF)
- may the parties agree a higher or lesser diligence?
Higher - YES
Lower - NO (minimum kasi yung DGFF)
Preserve the Thing (DGFF)
- may the parties agree that the debtor will not take care of the thing?
NO (parang tanga lang)
3 Kinds of Fruits
- Natural - spontaneous products of soil, and young / products of animals
- Industrial - through cultivation or labor
- Civil - due to obligations or contracts
When does obligation to deliver the fruit arises?
time to deliver the thing arises
Personal Right vs Real Right
Personal Right
- only against a specific person
- only damages (not ownership)
Real Right
- against whole world
- possession or ownership
Deliver the Fruits
- May the parties agree that fruits will not be delivered?
YES
Accessions vs Accessories
Accessions
- produced by a thing, incorporated or attached there to
- can still function
Accessories
- for embellishment, better use, or completion
- cannot function (ESSENTIAL)
Deliver Accessions and Accessories
- may the parties agree that A&A will not be delivered?
YES
Obligation to Deliver INDETERMINATE THING
- since indeterminate naman, can I deliver something na mas pangit? something na mas maganda?
NO (cannot deliver inferior / superior quality)
Remedies of Creditor (to Give)
Determinate Thing (3) vs Indeterminate Thing (2)
Kailan pwede mag-rescission?
Determinate Thing
1. specific performance + damage
2. rescission + damage - if hindi pwede yung specific performance
3. ask for damages
Indeterminate Thing
1. substitute performance + damage
2. ask for damages
Substitute Performance - ibang tao gagawa then si debtor magbabayad sa tao na yon