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Obligate Intracellular Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

C. trachomatis host range

A

Humans

except for 1 biovar that causes mouse pneumonitis

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2
Q

C. trachomatis EB morphology

A

round

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3
Q

C. trachomatis Inclusion morphology

A

round, vacuolar

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4
Q

C. trachomatis Glycogen containing inclusions?

A

Yes

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5
Q

C. trachomatis Plasmid DNA?

A

yes

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6
Q

C. trachomatis susceptibility to sulfa meds?

A

yes

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7
Q

C. psittaci host range

A

birds, lower mammals, rarely humans

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8
Q

C. psittaci EB morphology

A

round

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9
Q

C. psittaci inclusion morphology

A

variable, dense

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10
Q

C. psittaci glycogen containing inclusions?

A

no

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11
Q

C. psittaci plasmid DNA?

A

yes

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12
Q

C. psittaci susceptibility to sulfa meds?

A

no

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13
Q

C. pneumoniae host range

A

humans

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14
Q

C. pneumoniae EB morph

A

pear-shaped

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15
Q

C. pneumoniae inclusion morph

A

round, dense

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16
Q

C. pneumoniae glycogen-containing inclusions?

A

no

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17
Q

C. pneumoniae plasmid DNA?

A

no

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18
Q

C. pneumoniae susceptibility to sulfa meds?

A

no

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19
Q

Infectious stage of Chlamydia

A

Elementary body

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20
Q

Metabolically active form of chlamydia

A

Reticulate body

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21
Q

Removal of ___ or increase of ___ will cause differentiation of chlamydia into _______

A

IF-gamma
Tryptophan
active EB infection

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22
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis associated with ___ and ___ ___ in women

A

infertility

ectopic pregnancy

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23
Q

Most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in US

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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24
Q

Ways chlamydia trachomatis survive

A
  • can turn on/off apoptosis in infected host cells to facilitate transmission
  • Inhibit cell death to sustain survival in chronic infections
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25
Clinical syndrome of C. trachomatis serovars A, B, Ba, C
Endemic trachoma (multiple or persistent infections that ultimately lead to blindness)
26
C. trachomatis serovars A, B, Ba, C routes of transmission
Hand to eye from fomites, flies
27
C. trachomatis serovar L1, L2, L2a, L3 clinical syndrome
Lymphogranuloma venereum
28
C. trachomatis serovar L1, L2, L2a, L3 route of transmission
sexual
29
C. trachomatis serovars D-K Clinical symdrome
Urethritis, cervicitis, PID, epididymitis, infant pneumonia, conjunctivitis (does not lead to blindness)
30
C. trachomatis serovars D-K routes of transmission
Sexual, hand to eye by autoinoculation of genital secretions eye to eye by infected secretions neonatal
31
C. trachomatis is hyperendemic to these 5 places and has a high rate in ____ ____
Africa, Asia, Central America, South America, Middle East Preschool children
32
Trachoma is chronic inflammation of the ____
conjunctiva | Major cause of preventable blindness
33
Trachoma acquired by...
Contact with secretions on towels, finger, or by flies
34
Symptoms of trachoma
mild irritation, itchy eyes, may also be discharge from infected eye
35
Trachoma progresses ___ with increases in these symptoms
slowly | eye pain, blurred vision, photophobia
36
Repeated trachoma infections result in....
scarring of the inner eyelid | May eventually turn eyelid inward (entropion)
37
Lymphogranuloma venereum is transmitted ____ and is more common in these 3 places
sexually | Africa, Asia, South America
38
Lymphogranuloma venereum is characterized by...
a brief appearance of a primary genital lesion at the initial infection site
39
The second stage of Lymphogranuloma venereum is ____ ____ and causes....
acute lymphadenitis | inguinal lymph nodes to become enlarged and matted together
40
Lymphogranuloma venereum can progress to a third stage, mostly in ___, causing....
women | rectal fistulas, genital hyperplasia, rectal stricture, draining sinuses
41
Oculogenital infections are caused by _____
C. trachomatis
42
Oculogenital infection is defined as...
acute inclusion conjunctivitis in adults and newborns
43
Oculogenital infections are transmitted by...
contaminated genital secretions getting into eyes via fingers or during passage of the neonate through the birth canal
44
Oculogenital infection autoinfection occurs ___
rarely
45
Symptoms of Oculogenital infections are...
``` swollen eyes purulent discharge (does not cause blindness) ```
46
Oculogenital infections also cause these conditions:
urethritis, cervicitis, bartholinitis, proctitis, salpingitis, epididymitis, acute urethral syndrome
47
Oculogenital infections are a major cause of ____ and contribute to rising rates of ____ and ___ ___
PID infertility ectopic pregnancies
48
Infants born to women infected with C. trachomatis may develop ___ or ___
inclusion conjunctivitis | pneumonia
49
____ is preferred anatomic site for screening women for C. trachomatis
Endocervix
50
Urethral C. trachomatis samples should not be collected until...
2 hours after the patient has voided
51
screening for c. trachomatis in homosexual men may include testing ___ or ____ specimens
rectal | pharyngeal
52
can urine be tested for c. trachomatis?
Yes- it's what we do at aspirus
53
Mccoy, Hela, and monkey kidney cells are used to culture ____
C. trachomatis
54
how C. trachomatis culture is analyzed for growth
After 48-72 hours incubation, monolayers are stained with fluorescein-labeled monoclonal Ab and observed microscopically
55
This is how most C. trachomatis genital infections are detected:
Nucleic acid amplification
56
3 methods of C. trachomatis Nucleic acid amplification:
PCR SDA (Strand displacement amp.) TMA (Transcription-mediated amp.)
57
C. trachomatis PCR and SDA amplify.....
cryptic plasmid in chlamydial EB
58
C. trachomatis TMA amplifies...
23s RNA sequence
59
Why are C. trachomatis serological tests of limited use?
Most adults with chlamydial infection have had prior exposure- will be positive regardless
60
Direct detection methods for C. trachomatis
Cytologic exam (cell scrapings from conjunctiva, PAP smear) Antigen detection (used conjugated monoclonal Abs to detect EB in smears) Nucleic acid hybridization
61
Common drugs to treat C. trachomatis
Erythromycin (and other macrolides) Tetracyclines Fluoroquinolones
62
Ways to differentiate C. trachomatis from C. psittaci
C. psittaci is sulfa resistant | Morphology of EB and inclusion bodies differ
63
C. psittaci is pathogen of .....
all bird species
64
Reservoir for C. psittaci is...
Psittacine birds (parrots and parakeets)
65
C. psittaci incubation period
5-15 days
66
C. psittaci onset
insidious or abrupt
67
C. psittaci clinical findings
Diverse in symptoms and severity headache, pneumonia, mental changes, hepatosplenomegaly about 20% fatal
68
Testing for C. psittaci
Serologic for safety
69
C. psittaci drug of choice
tetracycline
70
C. psittaci prevention
treat infected birds or quarantine imported birds for a month
71
C. pneumoniae transmission
aerosolized droplets from respiratory tract
72
C. pneumoniae spectrum of disease
Associated with pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, flu-like illness (5-10% of community-acquired pneumonia)
73
C. pneumoniae direct detection methods
NAAT to detect nucleic acid sequences in throat swabs, nasopharyngeal, BAL fluids, sputum
74
C. pneumoniae Cultivation specimen and detection method
swab of oropharynx species-specific monoclonal Abs to detect in cell culture
75
Main test for C. pneumoniae serodiagnosis
Microimmunofluorescence using C. pneumoniae EB as antigen
76
Criteria for serodiagnosis of C. pneumoniae
4-fold rise in IgM or IgG A single IgM titer of 16+ or IgG of 512+ is suggestive of recent infection
77
DOC for C. pneumoniae
Tetracycline, doxy, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin
78
Prevention of C. pneumoniae
avoid aerosolized droplets from infected people
79
Rickettsia, Orentia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia are fastidious bacteria that multiply only ____ and appear as small _____ ____ ____ bacilli
intracellularly pleomorphic gram negative
80
Rickettsia, Orentia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia transmission
insect vector or inhaling aerosols
81
3 groups of Rickettsia
Spotted fever typhus scrub typhus
82
Rickettsia is suspected when the triad of ___, ___, and ____ are the primary clinical manifestation in patients with _______
fever, headache, rash exposure to an insect vector
83
What is HGA?
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis | A. phagocytophylum infects bone marrow cells, mainy PMNs
84
What is HME?
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis | E. chaffeensis infects monocytes
85
Ehrlichia infections present with...
nonspecific symptoms like fever, headache, myalgia rarely rash asymptomatic to severe
86
Rocky mountain spotted fever spread through...
bite of infected tick
87
Signs, symptoms, progression of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
fever, headache, rash | Can rapidly progress to severe and life-threatening illness
88
Rash is ____ in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and usually occurs ___ ___ after fever
common | 2-4 days
89
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Drug of choice
Doxy
90
Murine Typhus is also known as:
Endemic Typhus | Flea-borne typhus
91
Transmission of Murine Typhus
contact with infected fleas
92
Main animal host for fleas causing Murine Typhus
Rats
93
Geographic region of Murine Typhus
Tropical and subtropical
94
Symptoms of Murine Typhus
body aches/muscle pain, fever, chills, loss of appetite, N/V, stomach pain, cough, rash
95
Murine Typhus DOC
Doxy
96
Endemic Typhus is AKA
Louse borne typhus
97
Transmission of Endemic Typhus
Contact with infected body lice
98
symptoms of Endemic Typhus
fever, chills, muscle aches, rash, cough, N/V, confusion
99
Brill-Zinsser disease
relapse of Endemic Typhus due to weak immune system
100
Endemic Typhus DOC
Doxy
101
Scrub Typhus AKA
Bush Typhus
102
Transmission of Scrub Typhus
bites of infected chiggers
103
symptoms of Scrub Typhus
Usually begin within 10 days of being bitten fever, chills, headache, body aches, eschar, mental changes, rash, enlarged lymph nodes
104
People with severe Scrub Typhus may develop...
organ failure and bleeding
105
DOC for Scrub Typhus
Doxy
106
HME transmission
bite of infected Lone Star Tick
107
HME symptoms
muscle aches, fever, headache, fatigue within 1-2 weeks of bite Rash, nausea, confusion, red eyes possible Serious illness can become fatal if not treated correctly
108
HME DOC
Doxy
109
HGA transmission
Ixodes scapularis and I. pacificus | mainly nymphal and adult ticks
110
Symptoms of HGA
fever, headache, body aches, chills within 1 to 2 weeks of bite
111
HGA Tx
Doxy
112
Sennetsu fever vector
undetermined
113
Sennetsu fever symtoms
sudden high fever, headache, muscle aches within a few weeks of initial infection
114
Preferred specimen for Spotted fever group
biopsy of skin tissue from rash
115
Ways to directly detect Anaplasma/Ehrlichia
Peripheral blood or CSF sample PCR Giemsa or Wright stain (thick and thin smears)
116
Rickettsiae can be cultured in ______ and in ______
embryonated eggs | tissue culture
117
Rickettsiae specimen for culture
blood or punch biopsy
118
Main tool for diagnosing ehrlichiosis and rickettsia
serodiagnosis | EIA, IFA, Western Blot
119
Ways to diagnose Rocky mountain spotted fever
IFA and DFA | except latex agglutination
120
DOC for rickettsia, anaplasma and ehrlichia
Tetracyclines, especially doxy
121
Cause of Mediterranean and Israeli spotted fevers
R. conorii
122
Cause of Indian and Kenya tick typhys
R. conorii
123
Vector for R. conorii
ticks
124
Distribution of R. conorii
Southeastern Europe, Middle East, Africa
125
Cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
R. rickettsii
126
Vector for R. rickettsii
Dermacentor spp. tick
127
Distribution of R. rickettsii
North and south america
128
Cause of Endemic typhus
R. prowazekii
129
Vector for Endemic typhus
lice
130
distribution of R. prowazekii
worldwide
131
Cause of Brill-Zinsser disease
R. prowazekii (recrudescent disease)
132
Cause of Murine typhus
R. typhi
133
Vector for Murine typhus
fleas
134
distribution of R. typhii
worldwide
135
Cause of scrub typhus
O. tsutsugamushi
136
vector for scrub typhus
chiggers
137
distribution of O. tsutsugamushi
worldwide
138
Cause of HME
E. chaffeensis
139
vector for HME
Amblyomma americanum- Lone Star Tick
140
Distribution of E. chaffeensis
Southeast, South Central and mid-Atlantic US
141
E. ewingii vector
Amblyomma americanum- Lone Star Tick
142
Distribution of E. ewingii
US (Overlapping with E. chaffeensis)
143
Cause of HGA
Anaplasma
144
vector for Anaplasma
Ixodes spp. ticks
145
distribution of Anaplasma
US and Europe
146
Cause of Sennetsu fever
Neorickettsia sennetsu
147
vector for Sennetsu fever
ticks
148
distribution of Neorickettsia sennetsu
Southease Asia (Japan)

Micro (clinicals) (2 decks)

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