Objectives: 2.1 - 2.8 Networking Flashcards by JC Yee

2 ways to move data from place to place

TCP and UDP

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use many different applications at the same time

Multiplexing

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Formal connection setup and close

Reliable delivery = recovery from errors and can manage out-of-the-order messages

Transmission control Protocol (TCP)

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Connectionless/ No formal connection

Unreliable delivery = no error recovery and no reordering of data

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

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automatically assign IP addresses to devices

responsible for making sure that info may have been received by the other side and if info failed to reach to the other side then it will resend the info

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

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transport mechanism

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

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to use send info in our web browser and protocols

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

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provide an encrypted form of terminal communication between our systems

Secure Shell

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tcp/20 (active mode data) & tcp/21 (control)

transfers files between systems

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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Encrypted communication link - tcp/22

Secure Shell (SSH)

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tcp/23: console access

Telecommunication Network (Telnet)

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tcp/25: Server to server email transfer

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

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udp/53: Converts names to IP addresses

Domain Name System (DNS)

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tcp/80: Communication in the browser

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

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udp/67 & udp/68: Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask and other options

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

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tcp/443: Web server communication with encryption

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

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tcp/110: basic mail transfer functionality

Post office Protocol version 3 (POP3)

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tcp/143: Includes management of email inbox from multiple clients

Internet Message Access Protocol v4 (IMAP4)

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It’s also known as Common internet file system (CIFS), responsible for file sharing and printer sharing

Server Message Block (SMB)

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Direct SMB communication over TCP without the NetBIOS transport

tcp/445 (NetBIOS-less)

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facilitate the conversation

udp/137: NetBIOS name services (nbname)

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Older version of Windows as transporter is

tcp/139: NetBIOS Session service (nbsession)

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Gather statistics from network devices

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

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udp/161

Queries

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The Original to structure tables in the clear

SNMP Version 1

udp/162

Traps

A secure standard: - message integrity - authentication - encryption

SNMP Version 3

- Data types enhancements - bulk transfers - still in the clear

Version 2 SNMP

tcp/389: Store and retrieve info in a network directory

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

tcp/3389: Share a desktop from a remote location connect to an entire desktop or an application

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

known as layer 3 switches, they are responsible of the traffic between IP subnets

Routers

bridging done in hardware forwards traffic based on data link address

Switches

it's a fixed configuration with no VLANs, no management protocols, and less expensive

Unmanaged switches

- VLAN support - Traffic prioritization - Redundancy support - Port mirroring - External management

Managed switches

a bridge for wired network onto a wireless network and forwarding decisions based on MAC address

Access point

combo of punch-down blocks and RJ 45 connectors that is easily changed

Patch panels

- Filters traffic by port number - encrypts traffic into and out of the network - can proxy traffic

Firewalls

15.4 watts DC power, 350 mA max current

PoE: IEEE 802.3af

25.5 watts DC power, 600 mA max current

PoE+: IEEE 802.3at

51 W, 600 mA max current

PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt type 3

71.3 W, 960 mA max current

PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt type 4

known as multi-port repeater: traffic going in one port is repeated to every other port

Hub

- data on the cable network provides speeds up to 1 Gigabit/s - multiple services such as data, voice, and video

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)

Broadband: transmission across multiple frequencies

cable modem

ADSL: uses telephone lines download speed is faster than upload speed: 52 Mbit/s downstream and 16 Mbit/s upstream

DSL modem

- Connect the ISP fiber network to the copper network - line responsibility: one side of the box is the ISP and other side of the box is your network

Optical Network terminal (ONT)

every device will need this card to provide internet

Network Interface Card (NIC)

process the network frames and packets for forwarding, trunking, and encrypting NAT

Infrastructure layer/ Data Plane

- manages the actions of the data plane - routing tables, session tables, and NAT tables - Dynamic routing protocol updates

Control layer / control plane

- Configure and manage the device - SSH, browser, and API

Application layer / management plane

- 54 Mbit/s and operates in the 5 GHz - Higher Frequency is absorbed by objects in the way

802.11a

11 Mbit/s and - operates in 2.4 GHz - Better range than 802.11a and less absorption problems

802.11b

- operates in the 2.4 GHz range - 54 Mbit/s - backwards compatible with 802.11b

802.11g

- operates at 5GHz and/ or 2.4GHz - 4x MIMO - 150 Mbit/s per stream - 600 Mbit/s total

802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)

- Operates 5 GHz - 8 x DL MU-MIMO - 867 Mbit/s per stream - 6.9 Gbit/s total

802.11ac

- Operates at 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz - 1,201 Mbit/s per stream - 9.6 Gbit/s total

802.11ax

wireless access point in a house with the stock antennas ranges of 40 to 50 meters

long-range fixed wireless

used for identification and anything needs to be tracked. For example,

Radio frequency Identification (RFID)