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Serology Objectives > Objectives #1 > Flashcards

Objectives #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Haemotology

A

The study of blood

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2
Q

Define Serology

A

The study of serum(plasma)

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3
Q

Define Forensic Serology

A

The study of serum, blood cells, saliva and semen

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4
Q

Divide blood into its two main cellular components.

A

White blood cells & Red blood cells

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5
Q

Cells with a nucelus are called what

A

White blood cells

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6
Q

White blood cells are also called what

A

Leukoctyes

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7
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

They are the body’s immune response

- have mitochondria

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8
Q

What do white blood cells contain

A

Both nuclear DNA & mitochondrial DNA

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9
Q

Cells without a nucleus are called what

A

Red blood cells or Erythrocytes

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10
Q

What do red boood cells contain

A

Contains haemoglobin(the molecule that gives blood its color)

  • transports O2 to cells & CO2 away from cells
  • no nucleus so more haemaglobin can fit throug
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11
Q

What is the life expectancy for a red blood cell

A

About 120 days

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12
Q

State the main functions & movement of Platelets.

A

They have the ability to move-amoeba- like

They are responsible for blood clotting & vessel maintenance

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13
Q

Identify the proteins found on cell membranes that identify “self” and “foreign” cells.

A

Antigens

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14
Q

All body cells have proteins on membrane called

A

Antigens

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15
Q

Anitigens interact with proteins called

A

Antibodies

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16
Q

Antibodies determine what

A

Whether or not to destroy cell

  • “self”= okay
  • “foreign”= destroy
17
Q

Identify which type of heredity Human Blood Types are an example of.

A

Multiple allele trait

18
Q

What does multiple allele trait mean

A

More than 2 alleles controlling a trait

19
Q

How many antigens are used for human blood

A

3

20
Q

What system is used for human blood

A

ABO system

21
Q

What are the possible outcomes for humans RBC’s?

A

A, B, AB, and O

22
Q

What antigen and anitibody are found in blood type A

A

Antigen: A
Antibody: Anti-B

23
Q

What antigen and anitibody are found in blood type B

A

Antigen: B
Antibody: Anti A

24
Q

What antigen and anitibody are found in blood type AB

A

Antigen: A & B
Antibody: neither A or B

25
Q

What antigen and anitibody are found in blood type O

A

Antigen: Neirhee A or B
Antibody: Both anti A and anti B

26
Q

Define Agglutination.

A

When the red blood cells clump together

27
Q

Identify two qualities of Agglutination that make useful for forensics tests.

A

Aggulation occurs quickly and can be observed under a microscope

28
Q

Explain the cause of Agglutination.

A

Caused by antibodies interacting with antigens

  • antibodies provide connection between antigens
    - Type B blood with agglutinate when antibody B is present
29
Q

You donate what when you give blood

A

Antigens not antibodies

30
Q

Identify the seven other Antigens used in Blood Typing.

A

Rhesus factor, Duffy, Diego, Kidd, kell, MNS, and Hh

31
Q

Explain the origin of the Rhesus factor.

A

Named after rhesus monkeys - where is was discovered

32
Q

List the two possible antigens for the Rh factor.

A

Rh(+)- has antigen

Rh(-)- doesn’t have antigen

33
Q

Explain what happens if the wrong Rh group is transfused.

A

It can cause aggulation if it is not matched

34
Q

Define Probability Math (Pm).

A

Chances of 2 unrelated individuals having the same profile

35
Q

State the mathematical probability of two individuals having the same 8 antigens.

A

1:100 & 1:1000

36
Q

State the difference in Pm between blood type and DNA.

A

Pm: 1:100 or 1:1000
But it is not as accurate as DNA which is
1:10,000,000,000

Not used to determine guilty

37
Q

State whether or not Blood Typing is an accurate test for determining identity.

A

No it is not

38
Q

Identify and explain the six limitations to blood typing.

A

1) need a relatively large sample
2) serological markers degrade quickly
- several days old= reduced results
3) enzymes from bacteria can contaminate and affect results
4) hard to separate different blood samples
5) blood transfusions cause false results
6) difficult to get a sample from a suspect

39
Q

Identify two specific organelles that the Leukocytes possess

A

Nucleus and Mitochondria

Serology Objectives (3 decks)

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