Objective 4 Flashcards
2 Biological Theories of aging
1 Stochastic
2 Nonstochastic
Stochastic (Error) Theory
Errors occur overtime in the synthesis of DNA & RNA
Too many errors and the cell can’t function
Nonstochastic Theory (Programmed Theory of Aging)
each cell has a natural life expectancy
programmed with set number of replications, then dies.
Neuroendocrine-Immunological Theory
Immune function declines with age
Immunse system can’t recoignize itself and becomes at rish for autoimmune diseases
3 skin layers
epidermis (outer layer)
dermis (mid supportive later, connective tissue)
hypodermis (inner fat, blood vessels and nerves)
4 Integumentary age changes
skin thins and loses elasticity
skin becomes lighter
nails become hard and brittle
environment contributes
Senile purpura
purple spots on skin
xerosis
dry skin
pruritus
itchy skin
lentigines
liver or age spots
seborrheic keratoses
brown raised lesions with a ‘stick on’ appearance
3 Integumentaty changes
absorptions of topical lotions affected
rish of skin infections
higher rish of skin cancer
3 Musculoskeletal Changes
changes in posture due to less bone mineral density
muscle wasting
water loss in vertebral disks
kyphosis
stooped appearance due to disk shrinkage
osteoporosis
rapid bone density loss
4 Cardiovascular changes (Presbycardia)
Stiff and thick vessels, lining and heart valves
descreased output
increase in blood pressure
slow to accelerate and return to normal
5 Respiratory changes
stiffening of trachea and rib cage
reduced gas exchange efficiency
cilia decrease
can’t respond to lower oxygen levels
most are enviornmental and lifestyle
3 Renal/Urinary changes
kidnes lose function
urince creatine declines
GFR decreases
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
metabolism of waste and drugs
5 Digestive changes
peristalsis
stomach: more acid, slower to empty, shrinks
Ulcers and GERD
less absorption of vits and mins
constipation
Peristalsis
Esophagus contractions not rhythmic leading to sluggish food movment to stomach
7 Neurological changes
Changes are not normal
Dendrites wear out and reduce in number
brain size and weight decreases
nueotransmitter levels decrease
memory impairment
difficult with balance
delayed nerve ending reactions in skin
Dendrites
Connecting portion of nerve cells
Proprioception
the awareness of body position (affecting balance)
Immune System Changes
Less infection fighting ability
vulnerable to pathogens through skin
reduced cilia in lungs (pneumonia risk)
less T cell function
less foreign antigen response
alter immune response
s/s of infections altered
