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A&P chp 1 > Objective 1 > Flashcards

Objective 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 branches of anatomy

A 
Gross
micro
developmental
systemic
comparative
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2
Q 
Gross Anatomy
Def:
ex: 
can be seen during?
what type features?
A 
Study of large easily seen structures of organism.
ex: dissection
external features(shapes/divisions)
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3
Q

Microscopic Anatomy
Def:
2 types of microscopes?
2 branches?

A

use of microscopes to help see small details of organ parts.

  • ultrawave/ electron microscopes
  • Cytology, Histology
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4
Q

Histology?

A

tissues, organs, of entire body.

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5
Q

Cytology?

A

structure, functions, growth of cells from different parts of body.

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6
Q

Developmental Anatomy

EX:

A

growth of organism.

ex: Embryology(egg->birth)

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7
Q

Comparative Anatomy

Evolution is an ex why?

A

Humans vs. animals

Anatomicalsimilarities between organisms -> organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

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8
Q

Systematic Anatomy

A

structure of organs/parts that make an organ system

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9
Q

3 Examples Systemic Anatomy.

“3 systems and what parts it has in it”

A
  1. Derm: skin, hair, nails = integumentary system
  2. Endocrinology: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, ovaries, testes = endocrine/hormonal system
  3. Neurology: brainandspinal = Nervous system.
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10
Q

Anterior/Ventral
def:
ex: (2)

A

def: front, in front of
ex:
1. Knees -> anterior surface of body.
2. Ventral hernia may protrude from front abdomen.

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11
Q

Posterior/Dorsal?

ex:

A

back, in back of

ex: shoulder blades= posterior surface of body

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12
Q

Cephalic

A

head end of body, skull

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13
Q

Caudal:

full length of?

A

tail end of body, full length of the spine and coccyx.

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14
Q

Superior

A

above

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15
Q

Inferior

A

below

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16
Q

2 anatomical words that describe towards and away from MIDLINE

A

Medial; towards midline

Later: away from midline, towards the sides.

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17
Q

2 anatomical words that describe towards/away from point of attachment?

A

Proximal: towards attachment
Distal: away from attachment

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18
Q

Superficial/external

A

ON, NEAR, outer surface

19
Q

Deep/internal

A

IN, deep inside

20
Q

Sagittal

A

divides left and right sides

21
Q

Midsagittal

A

whole body cut from skull in R/L pieces

22
Q

Coronal/frontal Plane

A

horizontally; anterior/posterior cut

23
Q

Transverse:

A

horizontally, superior/inferior

24
Q

Dorsal cavity consists of:

A

cranial cavity and spinal cavity

25
Q

Ventral cavity consists of:

A

The Diaphragm which has 2 sections

  1. thoracic cavity
  2. Abdominopelvic cavity
26
Q

Dorsal Cavity:

  • Cranial cavity=?
  • its sections?
A 
Brain
sections:
1.Orbital Cavity - eye, eyeball muscle, optic nerve, lacrimal.
2. Nasal Cavity
3. Oral/buccal Cavities - teeth, tongue
27
Q

Ventral Cavity:

  1. Thoracic Cavity
    - aka
    - location?
    - Organs included?
    - special cuz ___organ has its own?
A
  • Aka: mediastinum
  • Location: between lungs, sternum, vertebrae of bk.
  • esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, bronchi, heart
  • heart own cavity; pericardium cavity.
28
Q

Lungs are covered with?

A

pleura

29
Q 
Ventral Cavity:
2. Abdominopelvic Cavity=
-NO?
abdomin:
-Define organs

Pelvic:
- define organs

A

-NO seperations
- Abdominal=SSSLLGPA
Stomach, Spleen, S.intestine,
part L.intestine, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Appendix.

-Pelvic= urinary bladder, repro sys, rectum, rest of L.intestin

30
Q

9 surface anatomy regions

A

R.hypochondria, Epigastric, L.hypo
R.Lumbar…Umbillical..L.Lumbar
R.Illiac…Hypopgastric…L.Illiac

31
Q

4 quads of abdomen?

A

RUQ….LUQ

RLQ…..LLQ

32
Q

RUQ

organs (8)

A 
Gallbladder
Liver
R.kidney
R.Adrenal gland
Stomach
S.Intestine
Transverse colon
Pancreas 
"Glrr-sstp" 
Gally 
Lived
Round Kind 
RoomAtes
Such
Small
Town
is Panful
33
Q

LUQ organs (7)

A

Spleen
______
L. kidney
L. Adrenal gland

Stomach
s.intestine
transverse colon
pancreas

34
Q

RLQ Organs (5)

A 
ACLRR
appendix
cecum
L.intestine
R. ureter
R. Repro
-ovary,f.tubes,spermatic cord
35
Q

LLQ (5) organs

A 
SSLLL
s.intestine
Sigmold Colon
L. intestine
L. ureter
L. Repro
-ovary, f.tubes, spermatic cord.
36
Q

Explain how a biological control system maintains homeostasis.
1.
2.

A
  1. Homeostasis- essential for survival, Regulates internal environment.
  2. interconnected components that maintain a physical or chemical variable at a near constant value
37
Q

Identify the receptor, control center, and effector components of specific biological control systems.?

A

Receptor/Sensor=
Detects changes in variable (little much, little less)

Control Center= Assesses
input/begins response

Effector= Changes internal environment to normal (neg feedback)

38
Q

Negative feedback

3 ways to define it

A

Reverse disturbance being caused in body.
Homeostasis BFF
Most control systems

39
Q

Describe neg feedback mech; on a hot summer day

A
  1. Hypothalamus signals organs to sweat
  2. Sweat released on skin”cooling process”
  3. Evaporates off skin “cooling mech”
  4. Blood vessels dilate
    allowing blood near skin
  5. we cool off.
40
Q

Describe neg feedback mech; on a cold day

A
  1. hypothalamus signals to muscles to shiver
  2. muscle activy increase= temp increases
  3. blood vessels constrict, holding on to body heat
  4. we warm up a little.
41
Q

Describe neg feedback mech; extracellular has increase CO2

A
  1. chemoreceptors triggered
  2. resp control gland gets info
  3. resp muscles activate
  4. breathing increases
  5. CO2 reduced.
42
Q

Pos feedback mechanism =

A

increasing original stimulus

43
Q

Pos feedback mech; childbirth example

A
  1. mechanoreceptors in cervix stimulated
  2. message sent to brain
  3. Oxytocin from post. pituitary gland releases.
  4. Increase in uterine contractions
  5. Contractions until childbirth

A&P chp 1 (2 decks)

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