Objective 03: Safety Orientation, Education, Training Flashcards
What do supervisors and managers need to be trained in?
- Safety Leadership
- Communication
- Coaching
- Constructive Enforcement of Safety Programs
Do contractors, temporary workers and visitors require health and safety training?
Yes
How is contractor health and safety training ensured?
Procurement contracts include training requests and this aspect of contract compliance is audited
How do many plants carry out health and safety training of contractors?
They provide safety orientation and training to all contract personnel before they are allowed to work on-site
What are the stages of implementing an effective training program?
- Analyze Needs
- Assess Priorities
- Design Training
- Deliver Training
- Reinforce Learnings
- Evaluate Effectiveness
- Continuous Improvement
Which Needs are Analyzed for Health and Safety Training Program Implementation?
- Competencies required of each position in the organization are established, i.e. what the person must know and what skills are required to properly and safely perform their duties
- Any training requirements required by legislation or regulations like WHMIS are identified
What is the single most important safety competency?
Competent plant operation
How are Needs Analyzed for Health and Safety Training Program Implementation?
- Reference is made to hazards and risks identified during the Risk Reduction Process
- Task analysis, i.e. the systematic breaking down of a task into steps, is undertaken in order to establish the skills necessary and potential hazards of the task
- Results of incident investigations and evidence of non-conformances with processes and procedures highlight training needs
How much are employees entitled to know about the health and safety hazards they are exposed to?
As much as possible
How do Employers decide who is in the greatest need of information and instruction and on what aspects vis-a-vis health and safety?
The highest priority for training is where the highest areas of risk occur and where training has been identified as a risk control
How do employees help to set the health and safety training priorities?
- What concerns them about their job
- Have they had any near-miss incidents
- Do they feel like they are taking risks
What makes a training program effective?
- Clear objectives
- Means of assessing effectiveness
- Relevance to the particular plant and its needs
How is unnecessary training avoided?
Understanding the current level of competence
What type of training material is attractive?
Professionally produced videos and other materials that attract the attention of and engage the participant
What is wrong with using off-the-shelf materials in training?
It can bear little relevance to the operation
If off-the-shelf material is used, what must immediately follow afterwards?
A discussion that uses specific plant examples to reinforce the learning
What mechanisms are included in the training design?
- Quizzes and demonstrations to check whether the knowledge has been acquired
- Provision of relevant handout materials
- Ways to reinforce the learning developed
What are 3 methods used to Deliver Training?
- Classroom
- On-the-job
- Computer based
What is important to ensure for Classroom Training?
Trainer is competent and an effective training faciltator
What makes an effective training facilitator?
- Can engage in effective discussion
- Can draw on real world experiences
- Ideally a plant employee who is knowledgeable about the subject area
When is On-the-Job Training particularly useful?
Where practical skills have to be learned
What is important to ensure for On-the-Job Training?
That the person is trained correctly
How is On-the-Job Training made more effective?
- The correct way of performing the task is documented
- The trainer receives coaching or instruction in effective methods
- A check-off system is used to document that the trainee has properly performed the task
Computer Based Training (CBT)
An interactive learning experience between the learner and a computer in which the computer provides the majority of the stimulus. The learner responds and the computer then analyzes the response and provides feedback to the learner
What are some benefits of the Record Keeping Feature in Computer Based Training?
- Save time
- Maintains accurate training records
- Diagnose training deficiencies
Computer Based Training Advantages
- Most cost effective way for companies that have facilities on a national or international scale (avoids high travel expense costs for trainer)
- Very flexible in timing
- Self-paced instructional program that allows for mastery of the material because time is not a constant
Computer Based Training Disadvantages
- Doesn’t allow for real-time training
2. Lacks face-to-face contact where questions can be asked and answered on the spot
Why is Reinforced Learning necessary?
Research shows that learning is only achieved when the subject matter is repeated and reinforced over time
What are some ways of Reinforcing Learning for Health and Safety?
- Posters or other reminders that highlight key learning points
- Follow-up quizzes that are returned to the trainer
- Including topic on agenda of next shift safety meeting where it can be discussed in a smaller, more relaxed environment
Why must the Effectiveness of the Health and Safety Training be Evaluated?
To know whether the training provided has achieved the desired outcome or whether it needs to be redesigned or its appropriateness as a risk control re-evaluated
Why is Continuous Improvement in the Health and Safety Training Program necessary?
- May not effectively deliver on objectives
- New hazards may be identified
- New methods may be introduced
- New technology may become available
What must new employees be trained in before starting work within the plant?
- Nature of the hazards in the plant
- Significance of the risk
- Importance of PPE
- Where they may or may not go
- What they can and cannot do
After the preliminary training, what training do new employees receive?
Over time as operational training progresses they are given either classroom or on-the job training as dictated by the overall plant training program and proper and safe performance of the task is always demonstrated before the trainee is authorized to perform the task on their own
Why is periodic Health and Safety Training required?
- To refresh memories
- Teach new control methods
- New training required by regulatory or industry standards
What is often the most effective training method?
One-on-one training
How is one-on-one training best performed?
- Supervisor periodically spends some time watching an individual employee work
- Then the supervisor meets with him to discuss safe work practices, bestow credit for safe work, and provide additional instruction to counteract any observed unsafe practices
Should one-on-one training be restricted to only problematic employees?
No, it should be applied to all
How is the Health and Safety Training Program evaluated?
- Before training begins, observe employees and solicit their opinions to determine what areas need improvement. When training ends, test for improvement. Ask employees to explain their jobs’ hazards, protective measures, and test new skills and knowledge
- Keep track of employee attendance at training sessions
- At the end of training, ask participants to rate the course and the trainer
- Compare pre- and post-training injury and incident rates, near misses, and percent safe behaviour exhibited
What is the utility of evaluating Health and Safety Training Programs?
Helps to determine whether the training has achieved its goal of improving the employees’ safety performance
