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2A1-7: Safety > Objective 01: Comprehensive Safety Program > Flashcards

Objective 01: Comprehensive Safety Program Flashcards

1
Q

What are financial benefits of having a good Health and Safety Program?

A
  1. Improves company reputation
  2. Protects the company from legal action
  3. Improves financial performance
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2
Q

What defines good Health and Safety performance?

A

Freedom from fatalities, injuries, and property damage

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3
Q

What are 2 elements required for the success of Health and Safety Programs

A
  1. Good Process

2. Safe Behaviour

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4
Q

What elements does an effective Health and Safety Program require?

A
  1. Commitment from top management
  2. Clearly stated health and safety policy
  3. Identification of hazards at the workplace
  4. Development of processes and procedures to control the risks
  5. Effective training of workers to ensure competency
  6. Effective incident investigation process
  7. Inspection and audit process
  8. Emergency response plan
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5
Q

What affects the complexity of health and safety processes?

A
  1. Size of the facility
  2. Number of onsite employees
  3. Level of risk
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6
Q

What are 6 elements of a successful Health and Safety Program?

A
  1. Initial Status Review
  2. Risk Reduction Process
  3. Regulatory Requirements
  4. Health and Safety Objectives and Plan
  5. Roles and Responsibilities
  6. Training, Awareness, and Competence
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7
Q

What is the purpose of a Health and Safety Policy?

A

To define the value an organization puts on health and safety and set the benchmark against which all decisions that impact health and safety are judged

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8
Q

What is management’s responsibility regarding the Health and Safety Policy?

A
  1. To establish it and participate in its development and approval
  2. Provide the necessary financial and human resources needed for its implementation
  3. Model the proper actions and behaviours to demonstrate their commitment
  4. Carry out disciplinary action for non-compliance
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9
Q

What commitments does a good Health and Safety Policy include?

A
  1. Establish and maintain a safe and healthful environment
  2. Comply with regulatory requirements and other appropriate standards
  3. Provide the necessary resources to develop, support, and maintain the program
  4. Proactive communication of the policy to all employees
  5. Process of continuous improvement
  6. Consequences for non-compliance with safety procedures
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10
Q

What is the purpose of an Initial Status Review?

A

To determine the state of the plant’s existing health and safety program to assist in developing a strategy to move forward to reach the mandate of the goals and objectives of the new program

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11
Q

What items are determined by an Initial Status Review?

A
  1. What elements are already in place
  2. What needs to be done
  3. What help and information is available
  4. What is relevant for the specific plant
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12
Q

What does an Initial Status Review compare?

A

The current health and safety program against all elements of the desired program

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13
Q

When is an Initial Status Review not needed?

A

If a comprehensive program and effective audit system is already in place which uses past audits to indicate where there are shortcomings and where improvement is required

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14
Q

What is one of the main tools used for successfully improving health and safety performance?

A

Risk Based Management System

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15
Q

What are the 3 major elements of the Risk Reduction Process?

A
  1. Hazard Identification
  2. Risk Assessment
  3. Risk Controls
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16
Q

What is the purpose of Classifying Work Areas?

A

In order to manage the Risk Reduction Process

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17
Q

Hazard

A

A source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of:

  1. Human injury or ill health
  2. Damage to property or the environment
  3. Combination of these
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18
Q

Hazard Identification

A

Systematic process used to identify any condition within the workplace that has the potential to cause injury, property damage, or environmental impact and that encompasses both routine and non-routine activities, e.g. emergencies and shutdowns, while making no judgement regarding either the likelihood or severity of an incident occurring

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19
Q

What factors affect the processes chosen for Hazard Identification?

A
  1. Complexity of the operation

2. Nature of the risks

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20
Q

Risk

A

The combination of one or more consequences and the likelihood of a specified hazardous event occurring

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21
Q

Risk Assessment

A

Systematic process used to assess the risks of all hazards identified during the hazard identification phase

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22
Q

What is the best practice for performing the Risk Assessment?

A

Use a process that has standard qualifiers that give objective ratings to each hazard to allow for proper response timing

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23
Q

How are Consequences organized?

A
  1. Class A: Minor, non-disabling injury; non-disruptive damage
  2. Class B: Serious, temporary disabling injury or illness; extensive but non-disruptive damage
  3. Class C: Permanent disability, loss of life or body parts; disruptive damage
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24
Q

How is Likelihood organized?

A
  1. Likely
  2. Unlikely
  3. Highly Unlikely
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25
Q

Risk Matrix

A

Table of Likelihood vs. Consequences that can be used to establish priorities for the development of an organized response strategy

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26
Q

How are Risk Controls enacted?

A
  1. Attempt to eliminate or remove the risk
  2. Developing appropriate procedures to reduce the consequences or likelihood
  3. Utilizing PPE as a last resort
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27
Q

What must one be mindful of when enacting a new Risk Control?

A

That it does not in of itself create a new safety hazard.

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28
Q

What is a Risk Reduction Plan based on?

A
  1. Priorities identified

2. Availability of resources required to implement the corresponding risk controls

29
Q

Who has access to the Risk Reduction Plan?

A

All employees

30
Q

What followup is required for a Risk Reduction Plan?

A

After a period of time, e.g. 6 months, the effectiveness of new controls for the specified risks is assessed and, if necessary, changes made

31
Q

What is the place of Regulatory Requirements vis-a-vis Health and Safety?

A

All legal requirements must be known and complied with. If not the case, action must be taken to bring plant operations into compliance and procedures to remain current with these requirements are put into place.

32
Q

How is Health and Safety Performance continuously improved on?

A

Establishment of annual measurable health and safety objectives

33
Q

What are the Health and Safety Objectives based on?

A
  1. Initial Status Review Findings
  2. Priorities identified from the Risk Reduction Process
  3. Any non-compliance with regulatory requirements
  4. Findings from an analysis of past incidents and non-conformances
  5. Recommendations of the health and safety committee
34
Q

What characterizes the Health and Safety Objectives?

A
  1. Clear
  2. Measurable
  3. Articulate the desired outcome
  4. State name of the person accountable for achieving the objective
  5. States targeted completion date
35
Q

What is developed from the Health and Safety Objectives?

A

Detailed implementation plan which outlines the actions required and identifies the resources used for each objective

36
Q

How do health and safety objectives compare to other items in the yearly performance review strategies, e.g. production or costs, in terms of importance?

A

Equally important

37
Q

How do health and safety objectives differ by person?

A
  1. Role

2. Nature of job

38
Q

What are the responsibilities of every person to health and safety?

A

Act at all times in a way that doesn’t jeopardize either their own safety or health nor put their co-workers or others at risk and to comply with all procedures and rules and requirements of the health and safety program, including submitting incident and non-conformance reports

39
Q

Who has ultimate responsibility for health and safety?

A

Management

40
Q

How are people made aware of the need to adhere to all aspects of health and safety before even being hired?

A

It’s clearly stated in the Job Description

41
Q

How is Competency assured for employees that perform tasks that may impact health and safety?

A

Competency requirements for individual roles are identified, training needs are analyzed, and training programs are developed

42
Q

What generally causes employees to support and follow health and safety requirements?

A
  1. They understand them
  2. They believe them to be important
  3. They believe them to be appropriate
  4. They help develop them
43
Q

What is a prime conduit for health and safety consultation?

A

Health and Safety Committee

44
Q

What are the functions of a Health and Safety Committee?

A
  1. Assist in creating a safe workplace
  2. Participate in identifying hazards and making recommendations for controlling these hazards
  3. Search for new information on health and safety issues in the workplace
  4. Promote health and safety programs that educate and inform team members
  5. Review and investigate reports or concerns about health and safety and make recommendations where necessary
  6. Participate in health and safety inspections and incident investigations
  7. Make recommendations that establish, enforce, or improve the effectiveness of the occupational health and safety program
45
Q

Are health and safety committees the only opportunity to allow staff to participate in health and safety matters?

A

No

46
Q

What is the purpose of formal training programs?

A

To make health and safety practices second nature

47
Q

How are health and safety lessons reinforced?

A
  1. Work crew health and safety meetings led by the supervisor with support from health and safety committee member, and including a review of a safety topic of the month
  2. Health and safety updates, bulletins from management or health and safety advisor
  3. Periodic health and safety briefings from management (preferably verbal) highlighting the state of health and safety in the plant, achievements and shortcomings of the program
48
Q

What is the purpose of Operational Control (Safety) Procedures?

A

To control risks identified during the risk identification process

49
Q

What distinguishes Operational Control (Safety) Procedures from detailed operating and maintenance instructions?

A

They are applicable to entire plant rather than certain parts or operations

50
Q

What are some examples of appropriate Operational Control (Safety) Procedures?

A
  1. Purchasing Procedures - to ensure material standards met
  2. Hazardous Task Procedures - safe work practices, including LOTO, confined space entry, and PPE
  3. Hazardous Material Handling Procedures - including hazardous material storage, handling, and WHMIS
  4. Maintenance Procedures - inspection and testing of protection systems
  5. Engineering Procedures - plant modifications
51
Q

What is the place of Documentation vis-a-vis the Health and Safety Program?

A
  1. The program needs to be documented and made available to all employees
  2. Changes to the program are tracked and controlled
  3. No changes made unless authorized
52
Q

What are some examples of records kept for health and safety purposes?

A
  1. Training records
  2. Health and Safety Inspection Reports
  3. Health and Safety Management System Audit Reports
  4. Consultation Reports
  5. Incident Reports
  6. Health and Safety Committee Meeting Minutes
  7. Medical Test Reports
  8. Health Surveillance Reports
  9. PPE issues and PPE maintenance records
  10. Reports on Emergency Response drills
  11. Risk Management System Audits and Progress Reports
53
Q

What is the purpose of Emergency Response Plans?

A

To respond to major incidents and emergency situations, e.g. fires, explosions, ruptures, fuel spills, and gas escapes

54
Q

What must be included in Emergency Response Plans?

A
  1. Identification of different emergencies
  2. Alarm systems and emergency equipment
  3. Make up and duties of the emergency response team
  4. What action persons not involved in the emergency should take
  5. Emergency escape routes and assembly points
  6. Identification of the role of emergency services liaison
  7. Regulatory and corporate reporting requirements
  8. Responsibility for media liaison
55
Q

How are Emergency Response Plans tested?

A

Practice drills are held periodically. The success of the drills is reviewed and necessary changes made to the plan

56
Q

Incident

A

Near misses and occurrences of personal injury or equipment damage

57
Q

Why aren’t incidents called accidents?

A

Because serious incidents can almost always be avoided.

58
Q

What is the primary purpose of investigative procedures in response to incidents?

A

To prevent further occurrences of the situation by identifying and dealing with the root causes

59
Q

What are the benefits of an effective procedure to investigating incidents?

A
  1. Allows legal requirements for reporting of incidents and injuries to be met
  2. Fatalities and serious injuries can be avoided if action is taken to address the underlying causes of non-conformances and incidents
60
Q

What do investigations into incidents include procedures for?

A
  1. Reporting and investigating incidents and non-conformances
  2. Identification of actions to be taken to avoid reoccurrence of the risk
  3. Initiation and completion of corrective and preventative actions
  4. Confirmation of the effectiveness of corrective and preventative actions taken
61
Q

What is the purpose of a Monitoring System vis-a-vis investigations?

A
  1. Ensure that each incident and non-conformance is investigated
  2. Identifies corrective action tracked to completion
62
Q

What is the purpose of Health and Safety Performance Monitoring?

A

To monitor, measure, and track health and safety performance, conformance with processes, procedures and instructions, and progress against health and safety goals and objectives

63
Q

What does Health and Safety Performance Measurement indicate?

A
  1. What is and is not working
  2. Where the priorities lie
  3. Where changes to the health and safety management system and procedures are necessary
64
Q

What does Health and Safety Performance Measurement allow for?

A

Continuous improvement

65
Q

What are the 2 aspects of effective Health and Safety Performance Monitoring?

A
  1. Reactive Measures

2. Proactive Measures

66
Q

What are examples of Health and Safety Performance Monitoring Reactive Measures?

A
  1. Reporting unsafe acts and conditions
  2. Tracking the number of lost time and injuries and near misses
  3. Regulatory agency enforcement action
67
Q

What are examples of Health and Safety Performance Monitoring Proactive Measures?

A
  1. Monitoring the progress being made on achieving overall plant health and safety objectives
  2. Observing and recording compliance with procedures, e.g. the wearing of PPE
  3. Auditing the effectiveness of incident and non-compliance investigations and follow-up
  4. Workplace environmental measurements, e.g. dust and noise
  5. Monitoring the frequency and effectiveness of plant safety meetings
68
Q

What are the major tools of Proactive Monitoring?

A
  1. Checklists
  2. Plant Inspections
  3. Health and Safety Audits

2A1-7: Safety (3 decks)

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