Obj. 2.02 Child Development Vocab

Question 1

Accutane

Answer 1

a prescription medicine used to treat severe acne, and the most widely used environmental toxin

Question 2

Achondroplasia

Answer 2

a bone-growth disorder that prevents the changing of cartilage (particularly in the long bones of the arms and legs) to bone; characterized by dwarfism, limited range of motion at the elbows, large head size (macrocephaly), small fingers, and normal intelligence

Question 3

Albinism

Answer 3

a birth defect that affects the production of melanin (the pigment that colors skin, hair and eyes); a lifelong condition that does not get worse over time

Question 4

Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate

Answer 4

a gap in upper lip or palate; caused by heredity or environment or both

Question 5

Color Blindness

Answer 5

a birth defect where a person has a reduced ability to distinguish between colors when compared to the standard for normal human color vision; usually affects only males

Question 6

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 6

a hereditary disease resulting in the secretion of thick mucus that blocks internal passages, including those of the lungs, causing respiratory infections; also affects the pancreas, resulting in a deficiency of digestive enzymes and impaired nutrition

Question 7

Dominant Gene

Answer 7

the stronger gene that expresses a trait that first appears or is visibility expressed in the organism as a dominant trait

Question 8

Down Syndrome / Trisomy 21

Answer 8

a genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21

Question 9

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 9

a genetic disorder that results in the progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles; most commonly transmitted genetically by female carriers, but usually affects only males

Question 10

Environmental Influences

Answer 10

things and people in a person’s surroundings (e.g., mother’s health, family, friends, home, community, life experiences)

Question 11

Fraternal Twins

Answer 11

dizygotic twins, which result from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy, so the twins share half of their genes, just like any other siblings, and may be of the same or different sexes

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, with genes being made up of DNA

Question 13

Genetic

Answer 13

relating to genes or heredity

Question 14

Hemophilia

Answer 14

a medical condition typically caused by a hereditary lack of a coagulation factor, most often factor VIII, in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury

Question 15

Hereditary Influences

Answer 15

all traits passed down from one generation to the next (e.g., eye, skin, and hair color)

Question 16

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 16

a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia

Question 17

Hydrocephalus

Answer 17

an increase of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain, resulting in an enlargement of the head in infants, because the bones of the skull are still unfused and the fluid can be drained into the abdominal cavity

Question 18

Identical Twins

Answer 18

monozygotic twins, which result from the fertilization of a single egg that splits in two, so the twins share all their genes and are always of the same sex

Question 19

Infectious Disease

Answer 19

a disorder caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites

Question 20

Inherited

Answer 20

derived genetically from one’s parents or ancestors

Question 21

Multiple Births

Answer 21

giving birth to more than one child at a time

Question 22

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 22

a condition in which the body is unable to process and use a specific protein that is present in nearly all foods

Question 23

Prenatal Development

Answer 23

the process of growth and development within the womb, in which a single cell zygote becomes an embryo, a fetus, and then a baby

Question 24

Psychoactive Substances

Answer 24

drugs or other substance that affects how the brain works and cause changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavior

Question 25

Recessive Gene

Answer 25

the trait that is present at the gene level but is masked and does not show itself in the organism (weaker gene)

Question 26

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

Answer 26

an infection transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites

Question 27

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 27

malformed red blood cells that deprive the body of oxygen; caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents; more commonly occurs in African Americans

Question 28

Spina Bifida

Answer 28

a congenital condition in which part of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes through a cleft in the spinal column, resulting in loss of voluntary movement in the lower body

Question 29

Tay-Sachs Disease

Answer 29

a rare, inherited disorder that destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord; typically found in people with certain ancestry, such as Eastern European Jews

Question 30

Tourette Syndrome

Answer 30

a nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds

Question 31

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 31

a parasite that can cause blindness, hearing loss, and learning disabilities, and death; found in cat litter and some raw meats

Question 32

Trisomy 13

Answer 32

a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome 13

Question 33

Trisomy 18

Answer 33

a condition that causes severe developmental delays due to an extra chromosome 18

Question 34

Twin-To-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)

Answer 34

a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiple births; occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb