Obj. 2.01 Child Development Vocab Flashcards
Adoption
the action or fact of legally taking another’s child and bringing it up as one’s own, or the fact of being adopted
Amniocentesis
the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus
Amniotic Fluid
the fluid surrounding a fetus within the amnion
Amniotic Sac
the fluid-filled sac that contains and protects a fetus in the womb
Artificial Insemination
the medical procedure of injecting semen into the vagina or uterus
Blastocyst
a fertilized egg after 5 days, a rapidly dividing ball of cells
Cervix
the lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina
Conception
the joining of a sperm and egg, also known as fertilization
Diagnostic Prenatal Test
testing the fetus before birth (prenatally) to determine whether the fetus has certain abnormalities, including certain hereditary or spontaneous genetic disorders
Embryo
an unborn human in the very early stages of development, weeks 3–8, when cells continue to divide and begin to take on different functions
Embryonic Stage
the stage starting when the blastocyst implants into the uterus through the eighth week following fertilization
Fallopian Tubes
a pair of tubes through which female eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus
Fetus
a developing human from usually two months after conception to birth
Folate
a B vitamin (found in dark leafy greens, oranges, nuts, beans, and peas) that the body needs to make DNA and other genetic material, and to help cells divide
Folic Acid
a synthetic form of folate that is added to fortify foods
Full-Term Pregnancy
when a baby is born between 39 weeks, 0 days and 40 weeks, 6 days
Germinal Stage
the first 1 to 2 weeks of prenatal life after fertilization, in which the fertilized egg (zygote) migrates to the uterus and becomes implanted in the endometrium
Gestational Diabetes
a condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood during pregnancy, typically resolving after the birth
Glucose
a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates
Group B Strep
an infection caused by a common bacterium (group B streptococcus); usually harmless in adults but potentially dangerous in newborns, producing symptoms such as fever, trouble feeding, and lethargy
HCG Hormone
a hormone found in women’s blood and urine throughout pregnancy, and detectable in the blood shortly after implantation of the embryo in the uterus (roughly three weeks into a four-week menstrual cycle); increasing levels of HCG tell the body that it is pregnant, putting the womb to work creating a safe home for the baby to grow in
Infertility
not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex
In Vitro Fertilization
a medical procedure whereby an egg is fertilized by sperm in a test tube or elsewhere outside the body
Lanugo
fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or newborn
Maternal-Fetal Care Doctor
doctor of obstetrics who has three additional years of training in helping women through high-risk pregnancies
Menstruation
the process in a woman of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about a month
Miscarriage
the spontaneous loss of a woman’s pregnancy before the 20th week that can be both physically and emotionally painful
Morning Sickness
nausea and vomiting during pregnancy; potentially occurring at any time of day and common during the first trimester
Neural Tube
a hollow structure from which the brain and spinal cord form; defects in its development can result in congenital abnormalities such as spina bifida
Ovulation
the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary
Ovum
a single cell released from the female reproductive organ (ovaries), which is capable of developing into a new organism when fertilized with a sperm cell
Placenta Previa
a condition in which the placenta partially or wholly blocks the neck of the uterus, thus interfering with the normal delivery of a baby
Preeclampsia
a condition in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, sometimes with fluid retention and proteinuria
Prenatal Development
the process of growth and development within the womb from fertilization to delivery
Prenatal Testing
testing that includes blood tests, urine tests, and ultrasounds; used to help check on the well-being of the mother and growing baby
Preterm Labor
occurs when regular contractions result in the opening of the cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy, potentially leading to premature birth; the earlier the occurrence of premature birth, the greater the health risks for the baby
Placenta
the organ that develops/attaches in a woman’s uterus during pregnancy, provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby, and removes waste products from baby’s blood
Screening Prenatal Test
testing that can identify whether a baby is more or less likely to have certain birth defects, many of which are genetic disorders
Stillborn
is when a fetus dies after the mother’s 20th week of pregnancy; when the baby may have died in the uterus weeks or hours before labor
Trimester
one of the three divisions of three months each during pregnancy, in which different phases of fetal development take place
Ultrasound
a procedure that uses high-energy sound waves for viewing inside the body, by making echoes that form pictures of the tissues and organs on a computer screen (sonogram)
Umbilical Cord
a ropelike structure that connects a developing embryo or fetus to the placenta
Uterus
a hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman’s pelvis, where a fetus develops and grows
Vernix Caseosa
a white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of a baby during the last trimester of pregnancy
Zygote
a fertilized egg, created when sperm meets an egg in one of the fallopian tubes
