Obgyn - Spontaneous and artificial abortions(30) Flashcards
OBG - 10.1
Meaning of subclinical abortion:
A) termination of pregnancy in 2-3 weeks after conception
B) termination of pregnancy until 16th week after last menstrual bleeding
C) termination of pregnancy until 24th week after last menstrual bleeding
D) termination of pregnancy until 28th week after last menstrual bleeding
E) termination of pregnancy with heavy bleeding
ANSWER
A) termination of pregnancy in 2-3 weeks after conception
EXPLANATION
When the miscarriage is after conception in 2-3 weeks, there are no clinical signs, the menstruation comes later with heavier bleeding, and only the pregnancy test signs the gestation existed.
OBG - 10.2
Meaning of early abortion:
A) termination of pregnancy in 2-3 weeks after conception
B) termination of pregnancy until 12th week after last menstrual bleeding
C) termination of pregnancy until 24h week after last menstrual bleeding
D) termination of pregnancy until 28h week after last menstrual bleeding
E) termination of pregnancy with heavy bleeding
ANSWER
B) termination of pregnancy until 12th week after last menstrual bleeding
EXPLANATION
From the first day of the last period until the 12th gestational week the abortion counts as early miscarriage. At this time the abortion is still one phased, so that the embryo or the fetus with the amniotic membrane and the placenta leave together.
OBG - 10.3
Meaning of late abortion:
A) termination of pregnancy in 2-3 weeks after conception
B) termination of pregnancy until 16th week after last menstrual bleeding
C) termination of pregnancy until 24h week after last menstrual bleeding
D) termination of pregnancy until 28h week after last menstrual bleeding
E) termination of pregnancy with heavy bleeding
ANSWER
C) termination of pregnancy until 24h week after last menstrual bleeding
EXPLANATION
Abortions occur between 12-24th gestional weeks calculated from the first day of the last period, count as late miscarriages. At this time the fetus leaves first, after the placenta does.
OBG - 10.4
We talk about spontaneous abortion, when:
A) the artificial abortion happens spontaneously
B) the abortion occurs spontaneously without any intervention
C) two pregnancies after each other end with miscarriage
D) the nonviable tissue is not expelled after the death of the fetus
E) the nonviable tissue absorbs spontaneously
ANSWER
B) the abortion occurs spontaneously without any intervention
EXPLANATION
The spontaneous interruption of pregnancy before the 24th weeks of gestation , is called spontaneous abortion. When the gestational age is not determined, and the fetus is under 500 gr weight, as well as under 30 cm lenght, and in the case of the fetus is not showing any vital signs we can talk about spontaneous miscarriage
OBG - 10.6
We talk about arteficial abortion, when:
A) after the abortion occurs we evacuate the cavity of the uterus
B) the pregnancy ends because of a previous operation on the uterus
C) the pregnancy ends after assisted reproductive technique
D) we finish the incomplete miscarriage instrumentally
E) the pregnancy without any complaints ends by arteficial intervention
ANSWER
E) the pregnancy without any complaints ends by arteficial intervention
EXPLANATION
An uncomplicated pregnancy can only be terminated based on medical or not medical (social) indication.
OBG - 10.7
We talk about criminal abortion, when:
A) the pregnancy without any complaints is finished legally
B) serious complications occur during the procedure of the abortion
C) the pregnancy without any complaints is finished illegally
D) the finishing of the miscarriage happens in criminal situation
E) we finish a pregnancy which has conceived during crime
ANSWER
C) the pregnancy without any complaints is finished illegally
EXPLANATION
The not desired pregnancy is finished under illegal circumstances, without any expertise, sterility, and hygienic regulations.
OBG - 10.8
Meaning of missed abortion is:
A) the nonviable tissue is not expelled after the death of the fetus
B) the death embryo is expelled from the cavity of the uterus spontaneously
C) two or more pregnancies after each other end with miscarriage
D) there are retained products of conception after we finished the pregnancy instrumentally
E) serious complications occur during the finishing of the abortion
ANSWER
A) the nonviable tissue is not expelled after the death of the fetus
EXPLANATION
In case of missed abortion, after the death of the embryo the abortion has not started.
OBG - 10.9
We talk about complete abortion, when:
A) during the artificial abortion we totally evacuate the cavity of the uterus
B) during the abortion the fetus is expelled from the uterus in full
C) during the early abortion all products of conception is expelled from the uterus
D) the death embryo is absorbed and there is no visible embryo in the gestational sac
E) after the spontaneous abortion we totally evacuate the cavity of the uterus
ANSWER
C) during the early abortion all products of conception is expelled from the uterus
EXPLANATION
In early gestion the fertilized egg leaves „in toto”. In the second trimester it is possible to happen, that firstly the fetus and after the placenta leaves in two phases, spontaneously. After the abortion itself, the cervix is getting closed, the bleeding stops, with ultrasound examination the uterus is empty.
OBG - 10.10
In case of tubal abortion:
A) the pregnancy which is implanted in the cavity of the uterus leaves through the Fallopian tube
B) the pregnancy which is implanted in the Fallopian tube leaves through the cavity of the uterus
C) the pregnancy which is implanted in the Fallopian tube is absorbed spontaneously
D) during the abortion the pregnancy leaves through the cervical os, the other part of the bleeding leaves through the Fallopian tube
E) the ectopic pregnancy which is implanted in the Fallopian tube leaves into the abdominal cavity
ANSWER
E) the ectopic pregnancy which is implanted in the Fallopian tube leaves into the abdominal cavity
EXPLANATION
The ectopic pregnancy implanted in the fallopian tube leaves toward the abdominal cavity accompanied by bleeding and pain.
OBG - 10.11
Spontaneous abortion can be caused by:
A) maternal reasons
B) paternal reasons
C) fetoplacental reasons
D) teratogenic reasons
E) all of them
ANSWER
E) all of them
EXPLANATION
The etiology of abortions are extremely varied, in the most cases we are not able to identify the cause. By didactic purpose we can differentiate maternal, paternal, fetal, and teratogenic causes.
OBG - 10.12
How many per cent of desired pregnancy end with spontaneous abortion?
A) 5–9%
B) 10–13%
C) 15–20%
D) 19–25%
E) 25–30%
ANSWER
C) 15–20%
EXPLANATION
15-20% of identified and desired pregnancies are finished by clinically detectable spontaneous abortion.
OBG - 10.16
What is the most important difference between threatened abortion and inevitable abortion?
A) the quality of the bleeding
B) the quantity of the cramping low abdominal pain
C) opened or closed internal cervical status
D) the quality of expelled products of the conception through the opened cervical os
ANSWER
C) opened or closed internal cervical status
EXPLANATION
Threatening abortion (imminent abortion) is characterized by little bleeding, low abdominal cramping pain, but the cervix is closed. In case of beginning abortion (incipient abortion) the symptoms of threatening abortion are more pronounced, the cervical os is opened, permeable to finger.
OBG - 10.17
What is the most important difference between incomplete abortion and complete abortion?
A) the quality of the bleeding
B) the quantity of the cramping low abdominal pain
C) open or closed internal cervical status
D) the empty cavity of the uterus
E) the quality of expelled products of the conception
ANSWER
D) the empty cavity of the uterus
EXPLANATION
In case of incomplete abortus the fertilized egg and its’ supplementary part leaves from the uterus just partly, while in case of complete abortion the fertilized egg and its’ extra parts leaves totally, there is no retention in the uterus by ultrasound examination.
OBG - 10.18
An early pregnant woman complaints of low abdominal cramp, bleeding and during vaginal examination the internal cervical os is closed. What type of spontaneous abortion do you think?
A) threatened abortion
B) inevitable abortion
C) incomplete abortion
D) complete abortion
E) criminal abortion
ANSWER
A) threatened abortion
EXPLANATION
Despite of low abdominal cramping pain and little bleeding in imminent abortion the cervix is closed.
OBG - 10.20
An early pregnant woman complaints of low abdominal cramp, bleeding and during vaginal examination the internal cervical os is open and some products of conception is expelled. What type of spontaneous abortion do you think?
A) threatened abortion
B) inevitable abortion
C) incomplete abortion
D) complete abortion
E) criminal abortion
ANSWER
C) incomplete abortion
EXPLANATION
In case of incomplete abortion next to low abdominal cramping pain, and bleeding egg parts leaves through the opened cervix.